自下而上與自上而下的處理方式(Bottom-up vs. Top-down ...

B1 中級 英國腔. 自下而上與自上而下的處理方式(Bottom-up vs. Top-down processing). 46 4 ... Voiceover:Let'slookatthedifferencebetweentop-downandbottom-upprocessing.So,whatisbottom-upprocessing?Bottom-upprocessingbasicallybeginswiththestimulus,solet'simaginethatwe'relookingatsomething,orlet'ssayI'mlookingatabanana.Thebananaissittingthereanditinfluenceswhatweperceive.So,stimulusinfluenceswhatweperceive,ourperception.So,ifIknowabsolutelynothingaboutsomething,thenthestimulusorwhateveritisI'mlookingat,yetIdon'tknowanythingabout,I'veneverseenit,Idon'thaveanypreconceivedcognitiveconstructsaboutwhatitisI'mlookingat.Thestimulusbasicallyisinfluencingmyperception.So,forexamplelet'simaginethatI'mlookingatacockpitofaplane.I'mnotapilot,soI'mnotreallytoofamiliarwitheverythingandeverythingkindalooksfairlyconfusing.So,basicallyallthedifferentstimuli,sothisstimulus,abunchofgauges,andthisrudder-lookingthing,I'mbasicallylookingatallthedifferentlittlepartsofsomethingthatisnewandnoveltome,andtryingtokindofcomprehendwhatitisI'mlookingat.So,thisisbottom-up.Thisiswhenyoustartwithnopreconceivedideaofwhatitisthatyou'relookingat,andallowthestimulustoinfluenceyourperceptionofwhatitisthatyou'relookingat.So,bottom-upprocessingisdata-driven,andyourperceptionofwhatitisthatyou'relookingatdirectsyourcognitiveawarenessoftheobject.So,incontrast,top-downprocessingbasicallyusesyourbackgroundknowledge,sousesyourbackgroundknowledgetoinfluenceperception.So,let'slookatthisexampleoverhere.So,whatwe'reactuallyseeingareabunchofcircles,theyarejustabunchofcirclesandtheninsidethecirclethereareacoupleoflinesdrawn.So,wearelookingatthissetofcircles,thesewhitecircleswithlinesdrawninsideofthem.Wearecreatingthiscube.We'rebasicallytakingtheselinesandthenputtingthemtogetherinordertocreateacube.Eventhoughthestimulusitself,whichisthecircleswiththelines,actuallydoesn'tdrawacubebecausetherearetheseblackspacesoverhere,andthereisabsolutelynothingintheblackspaces,butourbrainsarebasicallytakingthisinformationandusingourknowledgeofcubesandwhatthey'resupposedtolooklike,we'rerecreatingacubedespitealackofacubeactuallybeingpresentintheimage.So,that'stop-downprocessing.It'susingyourbackgroundinformation,yourbackgroundknowledge,yourlearning,yourexpectations,inordertoinfluencewhatitisthatwe'reperceiving.So,inotherwords,it'stheory-driven.Welookatthisandweassumethatthey'retryingtorepresentacube,eventhoughone'snotactuallydrawnthere,andwe'reusingthattheoryinordertoshapeourcognitiveunderstandingofwhatitisthatwe'relookingat.So,ourperception,ourbehaviorisinfluencedbyourexpectations,whichistop-downprocessing.So,we'reusingwhat'salreadyinourheadsinordertoperceivewhatitisthatwe'relookingat,whereasinbottom-upprocessingwe'reusingthestimulusitselfinordertodriveourperception.So,anothergoodexampleoftop-downprocessingwouldbe"Where'sWaldo?"So,in"Where'sWaldo?",wehaveamentalideaofwhatwe'retryingtodo,whichistofindWaldoamidstthisreallyjumbledmessofapicture.So,ifwewereusingbottom-upprocessinginordertolookatthiswewouldjustbeseeingawholebunchoflittlepeople,andwewouldn'treallybegoal-driven,wewouldn'tbetryingtodoanything,butwithtop-downprocessingwehaveagoal,andwe'reabletolookthroughheretofindWaldo.Voiceover:Let'slookatthedifferencebetween x1.0 x0.5 x0.75 x1.0 x1.5 影片重複 字級大小 快速鍵 返回 175% 150% 125% 100% 90% 字幕與單字 影片操作你可以在這邊進行「影片」的調整，以及「字幕」的顯示 Back Next B1中級 英國腔 自下而上與自上而下的處理方式(Bottom-upvs.Top-downprocessing) 464 BonnieHui 發佈於 2021年01月14日 更多分享 分享 收藏 回報 影片單字