Functions of Periodontal Membrane - Vedantu

The periodontal membrane is also known as a periodontal ligament. Periodontal membranes are fleshy tissues present inside the tooth and tooth sockets. ClaimyourFREESeatinVedantuMasterClasses!RegisternowFreeClassesSigninPeriodontalMembraneBiologyPeriodontalMembraneWhatisaPeriodontalMembrane?Theperiodontalmembraneisalsoknownasaperiodontalligament. Periodontalmembranesarefleshytissuespresentinsidethetoothandtoothsockets.Thesehelptoholdthetooth,attachtheadjacentteethwithitandresistthestressthatoccursduringchewingfood.Periodontalmembranedevelopsfromthefollicularsac,whichispresentaroundtheembryonictoothduringthegrowthofthetooth.Theperiodontalfibercontainssensorynervesandbloodvessels.Thishelpstosensethepain,touch,andproprioceptivesensationofthetooth,thenthenervoussystemtransmitsthenecessaryinformationtocoordinatemuscleactivitysuchasmasticationandswallowing.  [ImagewillbeUploadedSoon]StructureofPeriodontalMembrane PeriodontalLigamentconsistsoflooseconnectivetissue,oxytalanfiber,principalfibers,looseconnectivetissues,blast&clastcells,andcellrestofMalassez.Thestructureofeachpartoftheperiodontalmembraneislistedbelow. AlveolodentalLigament Thealveolodentalligamentfibergroupconsistsoffivesubgroups.Theyare,namely,alveolarcrest,oblique,horizontal,apical,andinterradicularonmultirootedteeth.Thesefibershelpthetoothtomaintainstabilityduringthenaturalcompressionforce,whichusuallyoccursduringthechewing,andremainconnectedwiththebones.Sharpeyfibersoralveolarboneorcementumarepresentattheendprincipalfibers. [ImagewillbeUploadedSoon]TransseptalFibers Thetransseptalfibersformaninterdentalligamentbyextendingoverthealveolarbonecrestandgetboundinthecementum,whichisadjacenttotheteeth.Thesefiberstakeresponsibilityfortheteeth’alignment.Transseptalfibersdonothaveanosseousattachmentso,theymaybeconsideredasbelongingtothegingivaltissue. LooseConnectiveTissue Thelooseconnectivetissuehasanextracellularmatrix,cells,fibers,nerves,andbloodvessels.TheextracellularcompartmentsareembeddedinintercellularsubstancesthatconsistofType1,3,and5collagenfiberbundles.Periodontalligamentcollagenfibersareclassifiedaccordingtotheirlocationandorientationofthetooth.Here, defencecells,fibroblast,andundifferentiatedmesenchymalcellsarealsopresentalongwiththelooseconnectivetissue. CellRestofMalassezCellrestofmalassezhavegroupsofepithelialcells,whicharelocatednearthematuredperiodontalligament.TheseareformedafterthedisintegrationoftheHertwigepithelialrootsheathandtheformationoftheroot.Theyformanetworkaroundtheentiretooth.Cellrestofmalassezmayremainasacauseforcystformation. OxytalanFibers Periodontalligamentcontainsoxytalanfibers,whichhavenaturalelasticity.Itentersintothecementumandrunsintwodifferentdirections.Thatisobliquetotherootsurfaceandparalleltotherootsurface. FunctionsofPeriodontalMembraneTheperiodontalligamentfibersarefoundonlybetweenthetoothrootandadjacentbone.Further,itdoesnotsupporttheoutergumtissues.Thecomplexnatureoftheperiodontalligamenttissuesallowsthetoothtochewthefoodandtowithstandthepressurethatarisesduringthegrindingorclenching.Majorperiodontalligamentfunctionistoallowthetoothtowithstandforcefromhabitssuchasgrinding.Whenthetoothbeginstomoveorloosen,theperiodontalligamentstartstoenlarge.Oncetheforceonthetoothdecreases,thislayerstartstohealandreducethetoothmobility. Orthodonticmovementcansupportthetreatmentofperiodontalligament,whichoccursduetotootheruptionandtoothmovement. Ifthetoothisdirectlyconnectedwiththebone,thebreakdownoftheperiodontalareacouldnotcausethemovementofthebone.Becauseithoststhetoothinitssocket. Ifthetoothwasnotconnectedwiththebone,thenthetoothcanbeextractedwithoutremovinganyjawbone. ListofPeriodontalLigamentFunctionSupport:Theperiodontalligamentfibersallowtheteethtogetattachedtothesurroundingalveolarbonewiththecementum.Theperiodontalligamentfiberscanabsorbandtransmittheforcebetweentheteethandalveolarbone.  Nutritive:PDLensuresthehealthandconnectivityofthesurroundingcells.Ittransmitsthenutrientsthroughgingivalvessels,perforatingvessels,andapicalbloodvessels. Sensory:PDLareheavilyinnervated,thePDLinvolvesmechanoreception,nociception,andreflexes.Remodeling:ItcontainsProgenitorcells,whicharedifferentiatedfromosteoblasts.Thesecellscanhelpforphysiologicalmaintenanceandrepairofthealveolarbone. PeriodontalRiskFactors Apersonwhohasthefollowingriskfactorshasahighpossibilitytobeavictimofperiodontaldisease. Age:Accordingtotheresearch,about70%oftheoldestpeoplearesufferingfromperiodontaldisease.Itmayresultinbleedinggumsandweakeningteeth. Smoking/TobaccoUse:Usuallytobaccoiscausingseriousillnessessuchascancer,lungdisease,andheartdisease.Italsoleadstomanyotherhealthissues.Thisalsoincreasestheriskofgettingaffectedbyperiodontaldisease. Genetics:Apersonwithgeneticgumdiseaseoraggressiveoralcarehabitsaremorelikelytobeavictimofperiodontaldisease.Thoserequirelifetimetreatmenttomaintaintheirteethhealth. Stress:Usuallystresscausesmanyseriousdisorderslikehypertension,cancer..etc.Italsoincreasestheriskfactorforperiodontaldisease.Researchersfoundthatstresscausesmoreinfectionstothebodyalongwithperiodontaldiseases.Medication:Oralmedicationswillaffecthealth.Italsoincreasestheriskofperiodontalfibersdiseases.Somemedicationslikecontraceptives,antidepressants,andcertainheartmedicinesincreasetheriskfactors. PoorNutritionandObesity: Adietwithpoornutrientswilldefectthewholeimmunesystemofthehumanbody.So,thehumanbodycannotfightagainstinfectionsordiseasesattackingit.Inaddition,obesityimprovestheriskofperiodontalligamentfiberinfections. ClenchingorGrindingofTeeth:Theforceactingontheteeth,whileclenchingandgrindingtheteethcanalsodamagetheperiodontaltissues OtherDiseases:Somecardiovasculardiseases,rheumaticarthritis,diabetes,andsomeotherdiseasescanalsoworsentheperiodontaltissuesandimprovetheriskofit.FAQs(FrequentlyAskedQuestions)Q1.WhatDoesthePeriodontalLigamentDo?Ans:Periodontalligamentsarethetissuesaroundtheteeth.Theperiodontalmembranecontainsthreesourcesofbloodvesselsnamely,apicalvessels,gingivalvessels,andperforationvessels.Themostpredominantperiodontalligamentfunctionistoprovidenetworkconnectivitybetweenthetissuefibers.Itconnectsthebonysocketstothecementumontherootsurface.Italsoactsasashockabsorbercushiontoprotectthetoothandthejawbonefromthetraumaofchewing. Q2.CanPeriodontalLigamentsRegrow?Ans:Someseriousgumdiseasescandestroythebonesandcauseadefectintheperiodontalligaments. Iftheligamentinaparticularareahaslost,thentheadjacentbonescannotprovideanysupportandcannolongerbeattachedtothetooth.Thedefectintheperiodontalligamentmayleadtoperiodontalinflammationanditisdifficulttoregenerateagain. Q3.WhatDoesthePeriodontalLigamentConsistof?Ans:Periodontalligamentconsistsoflooseconnectivetissues,principalfibers,bast&clastcells,cellrestofmalassezandoxytalanfibers.TheAlveolodentalligamentwillcontainfivedifferenttypesoffibersubgroupsnamely,horizontal, apical,oblique,alveolarcrest,andinterradicularonmultirootedteeth.CommentPostCommentNCERTBookSolutionsNCERTNCERTSolutionsNCERTSolutionsforClass12MathsNCERTSolutionsforClass12PhysicsNCERTSolutionsforClass12ChemistryNCERTSolutionsforClass12BiologyNCERTSolutionsforClass11MathsNCERTSolutionsforClass11PhysicsNCERTSolutionsforClass11ChemistryNCERTSolutionsforClass11BiologyNCERTSolutionsforClass10MathsNCERTSolutionsforClass10ScienceNCERTSolutionsforClass9MathsNCERTSolutionsforClass9ScienceReferenceBookSolutionsHCVermaSolutionsRDSharmaSolutionsRDSharmaClass10SolutionsRDSharmaClass9SolutionsRSAggarwalSolutionsRSAggarwalClass10SolutionsICSEClass10solutionsLakmirSinghSolutionsTextBookSolutionsImportantFormulasMathFormulaPhysicsFormulaChemistryFormulaQuestionPapersPreviousYearQuestionPaperCBSEPreviousYearQuestionPaperforClass10CBSEPreviousYearQuestionPaperforClass12SamplePaperCBSEClass12SamplePapersCBSEClass10SamplePapersICSEClass10SamplePapersMathsPhysicsChemistryBiologyPracticeQuestionsExamsIITJEENEETAIIMSKVPYKCETCOMEDKBITSATVITEEEOLYMPIADSTATEBOARDSQuickLinksJEECrashCourseNCERTBooksCBSEBoardCBSESyllabusICSEBoardFreeStudyMaterialsQuestion&AnswersRevisionNotesImportantQuestionsWorksheetsChildSafetyTermsandConditionsPrivacyPolicyTollFree:1800-120-456-456Mobile:+91988-660-2456(Mon-Sun:9am-11pmIST)Questions?Chatwithus