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先前研究也證實高憂慮的個體訊息處理歷程有注意力偏誤與解釋偏誤的現象，個體傾向注意潛在威脅刺激難以抽離，並將模糊刺激解釋為威脅。

注意力偏誤與解釋偏誤被認為是 ... 資料載入處理中... 跳到主要內容 臺灣博碩士論文加值系統 ::: 網站導覽| 首頁| 關於本站| 聯絡我們| 國圖首頁| 常見問題| 操作說明 English |FB專頁 |Mobile 免費會員 登入| 註冊 功能切換導覽列 (188.166.176.73)您好！臺灣時間：2021/12/2505:17 字體大小：       ::: 詳目顯示 recordfocus 第1筆/ 共1筆  /1頁 論文基本資料 摘要 外文摘要 目次 參考文獻 電子全文 紙本論文 QRCode 本論文永久網址: 複製永久網址Twitter研究生:賴婉甄研究生(外文):LAI,WAN-CHEN論文名稱:高憂慮者解釋偏誤訓練之初探論文名稱(外文):InterpretationBiasModificationinHighWorrier指導教授:鄧閔鴻指導教授(外文):TENG,MIN-HUNG口試委員:陳欣進、侯育銘口試委員(外文):CHEN,HSIN-CHIN、HOU,YUH-MING口試日期:2020-01-13學位類別:碩士校院名稱:國立中正大學系所名稱:心理學系臨床心理學研究所學門:社會及行為科學學門學類:心理學類論文種類:學術論文論文出版年:2020畢業學年度:108語文別:中文論文頁數:109中文關鍵詞:憂慮、無法忍受不確定性、解釋偏誤、解釋偏誤修正外文關鍵詞:worry、intoleranceofuncertainty、interpretationbias、interpretationbiasmodification相關次數: 被引用:0點閱:193評分:下載:0書目收藏:1 過去研究發現無法忍受不確定性特質可能會以直接和間接的方式影響憂慮的形成(Dugasetal.,1998)，無法忍受不確定性與憂慮皆是焦慮疾患的脆弱因子。

先前研究也證實高憂慮的個體訊息處理歷程有注意力偏誤與解釋偏誤的現象，個體傾向注意潛在威脅刺激難以抽離，並將模糊刺激解釋為威脅。

注意力偏誤與解釋偏誤被認為是影響焦慮疾患發展與維持的關鍵因子(Beck,1967;Beck,1976;Muris&Field,2008)。

近二十年來，學者致力於瞭解認知偏誤與情緒困擾之間的關係，研究發現在正常個體誘發解釋偏誤可以使個體產生對應的情緒反應(Grey&Mathews,2000;Mathews&Mackintosh,2000)，因此有愈來愈多學者將解釋偏誤修正技術運用在改善情感性疾患認知偏誤與情緒困擾上，雖然如此，之前較少有研究探討高憂慮者解釋偏誤訓練的效果。

本研究使用Beard等人(2008)發展出來的字句關聯典範(WordSentenceAssociationParadigm,WSAP)修正與偵測高憂慮個體解釋偏誤的現象，改善過去研究缺乏蒐集訓練前個體解釋風格的問題，亦減少偵測作業產生需求偏誤的缺點(Hirschetal.,2016)。

本研究共招募60位臺灣版賓州憂慮量表大於等於55分以上的參與者，女性46人，男性14人，平均年齡21.45歲，隨機分派到正向解釋訓練組與安慰訓練組，進行單次解釋偏誤訓練，蒐集訓練前後解釋風格、與類壓力情境後的情緒狀態，瞭解單次解釋偏誤訓練在高憂慮個體解釋風格與情緒改善效果。

本研究結果發現訓練後正向解釋訓練組對模糊刺激的正向解釋認同顯著增加，威脅解釋認同則明顯降低，安慰訓練組訓練前後正向解釋與威脅解釋皆無顯著差異。

兩組在面對類壓力情境情緒改善結果與過往研究相似，焦慮、憂鬱、恐懼、狀態焦慮…等負向情緒皆顯著增加，快樂情緒則顯著減少，顯示單次解釋偏誤訓練在改善類壓力情境的情緒狀態效果微弱(Hayesetal.,2010;Hirschetal.,2009;Menne-Lothmannetal.,2014)，這樣的結果可能與WSAP傾向影響解釋推論的控制歷程，對於解釋推論自動化歷程的偵測與影響較少有關(Hirschetal.,2016)。

依據Ouimet(2009)的多歷程模型(Multi-ProcessModel)，WSAP可能造成規則基礎系統中外顯評價的改變，但作用於連結系統內隱評價的改變效果較小，導致單次解釋訓練雖有效地修正個體的外顯評價，在改善連結系統裡心理表徵間的連結與自動化情緒反應效果卻有限，未來若能適當上述議題，經由實證研究的累積逐步獲得驗證，或許能提升解釋偏誤修正作業在情緒調節的效果，輔助臨床工作者治療憂慮個體，增進心理治療療效。

Aim：Literaturehasrevealedthatintoleranceofuncertaintymaydirectlyorindirectlyaffectthegenerationofworries(Dugasetal.,1998).Intoleranceofuncertaintyandworryarebothvulnerablefactorscontributingtoanxietydisorders.Studieshaveshownthatindividualswithhighlevelsofworryexhibitattentionalbiasandinterpretationbiaswhenprocessinginformation.Theseindividualsareparticularlyattentivetopotentialthreatstimuliandofteninterpretambiguousstimuliasthreats,whichrendersthemunabletodissociatethemselvesfromworries.Attentionalbiasandinterpretationbiasaredeemedasthekeyfactorsinfluencingthedevelopmentandmaintenanceofanxietydisorders(Beck,1967;Beck,1976;Muris&Field,2008).Inthelasttwodecades,researchershaveendeavoredtounderstandtherelationshipbetweencognitivebiasandemotionaldistress.Studieshavefoundthattheinductionofinterpretationbiasinhealthyindividualstriggersthegenerationofcorrespondingemotionalresponses(Grey&Mathews,2000;Mathews&Mackintosh,2000).Therefore,anincreasednumberofscholarshaveappliedinterpretationbiasmodification(IBM)inimprovingthecognitivebiasandemotionaldistressofindividualswithaffectivedisorders.Existingstudies,nonetheless,rarelyfocusoneffectivenessofinterpretationbiastrainingforindividualswithhighlevelsofworry.Methods：Theword–sentenceassociationparadigm(WSAP)developedbyBeardetal.(2008)wasadoptedinthisstudytocorrectanddetecttheinterpretationbiasinindividualswithhighlevelsofworry.Thisnotonlycompensatesforthelackofcollectionofindividualinterpretationstylesbeforetraininginexistingstudiesbutalsoreducesthedemandeffectsindetectinginterpretationbias(Hirschetal.,2016).Havingreceivedascoreof55orhigherfromtheTaiwaneseversionofthePennStateWorryQuestionnaire,60individualswererecruitedasparticipants;ofwhich,46werewomen,andtheaverageageofallparticipantswas21.45years.Theparticipantswererandomlyassignedtopositiveinterpretationtrainingandcomforttraininggroups,wheretheyreceiveone-timeinterpretationbiastraining.Researchersofthisstudytherebycollectedinterpretationstylesoftheparticipantsbeforeandaftertrainingaswellasdeterminedparticipants’emotionalstatesinstress-likesituations.Bydoingso,theeffectivenessofone-timeinterpretationbiastraininginimprovinginterpretationbiasandemotionaldistresswasobtained.Results：Thisstudydiscoveredthat,aftertraining,thepositiveinterpretationtraininggroupsignificantlyincreasedpositiveendorsementandsignificantlyreducedthreatendorsement,whereasnosignificantdifferencewasfoundinpositiveandthreatendorsementsofthecomforttraininggroupbeforeandafterthetraining.Findingsregardingtheemotionalstatesofbothgroupsinstress-likesituationsresonatedwiththoseofexistingstudies.Thatis,negativeemotions,includinganxiety,depression,fear,stateanxiety,increasedsignificantly,whereashappyemotionsdecreasedsignificantly.Conclusion：Thisshowsthatone-timeinterpretationbiastraininghaslimitedeffectonimprovingemotionalstatesofindividualsinstress-likesituations(Hayesetal.,2010;Hirschetal.,2009;Menne-Lothmannetal.,2014).SucharesultmaybeattributabletothefactthatWSAPtendstoaffectthecontrolledprocessofinterpretationinferenceandislesseffectiveinaffectinganddetectingtheautomaticprocessofinterpretationinference(Hirschetal.,2016).Accordingtothemulti-processmodelproposedbyOuimet(2009),WSAPmayaffecttheexplicitevaluationintherule-basedsystem,buthaslimitedeffectsontheimplicitevaluationintheassociativesystem.Theone-timeinterpretationtrainingeffectivelymodifiedtheexplicitevaluationofparticipants,butfailedtoimprovetheconnectionbetweenmentalrepresentationsandautomaticemotionalresponsesintheassociativesystem.Iftheaforementionedtopicscanbeproperlyaddressedinthefutureandgraduallyverifiedthroughtheaccumulationofempiricalresearch,theeffectivenessofIBMinemotionregulationmaybeimproved,whichisconducivetoassistingcliniciansintreatingindividualswithworriestoenhancetheeffectivenessofpsychotherapy. 目次第一章緒論1第一節憂慮1第二節無法忍受不確定性5第三節無法忍受不確定性在憂慮中的角色15第四節焦慮疾患的訊息處理歷程19第五節憂慮、無法忍受不確定性與解釋偏誤29第六節認知偏誤修正35第七節研究假設與目的45第二章、研究方法47第一節研究參與者47第二節研究工具49第三節實驗設計與流程57第四節資料分析61第三章研究結果63第一節參與者特徵與實驗材料描述統計63第二節解釋偏誤修正效果67第四章討論77第一節研究摘述77第二節研究結果與討論81第三節研究限制與未來展望85參考文獻89附錄107附錄一　WSAP字句刺激材料授權使用同意書107附錄二　憂慮引發作業15個陳述句109 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