Inheritance - Wikipedia

Inheritance is the practice of passing on private property, titles, debts, entitlements, privileges, rights, and obligations upon the death of an individual ... Inheritance FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Thisarticleisaboutpassingonofpropertyorotherrightsorobligationsafteraperson'sdeath.Forinheritanceofgenes,seeheredity.Forotheruses,seeInheritance(disambiguation). "Heir"redirectshere.Forotheruses,seeHeir(disambiguation). Practiceofpassingonpropertyuponthedeathofindividuals FromWilliamHogarth'sARake'sProgress."TheYoungHeirTakesPossessionOfTheMiser'sEffects". Inheritanceisthepracticeofpassingonprivateproperty,titles,debts,entitlements,privileges,rights,andobligationsuponthedeathofanindividual.Therulesofinheritancedifferamongsocietiesandhavechangedovertime.Thepassingonofprivatepropertyand/ordebtscanbedonebyanotary. Contents 1Terminology 2History 3Religiouslawsaboutinheritance 3.1Jewishlaws 3.2Christianlaws 3.3Islamiclaws 4Inequality 4.1Socialstratification 4.2Sociologicalandeconomiceffectsofinheritanceinequality 4.3Dynasticwealth 4.4Sovietresponsetoinheritance 5Taxation 6Seealso 7References 8Externallinks Terminology[edit] Inlaw,anheirisapersonwhoisentitledtoreceiveashareofthedeceased's(thepersonwhodied)property,subjecttotherulesofinheritanceinthejurisdictionofwhichthedeceasedwasacitizenorwherethedeceased(decedent)diedorownedpropertyatthetimeofdeath. Theinheritancemaybeeitherunderthetermsofawillorbyintestatelawsifthedeceasedhadnowill.However,thewillmustcomplywiththelawsofthejurisdictionatthetimeitwascreatedoritwillbedeclaredinvalid(forexample,somestatesdonotrecognisehandwrittenwillsasvalid,oronlyinspecificcircumstances)andtheintestatelawsthenapply. Theexclusionfrominheritanceofapersonwhowasanheirinapreviouswill,orwouldotherwisebeexpectedtoinherit,istermed"disinheritance". Apersondoesnotbecomeanheirbeforethedeathofthedeceased,sincetheexactidentityofthepersonsentitledtoinheritisdeterminedonlythen.Membersofrulingnobleorroyalhouseswhoareexpectedtobecomeheirsarecalledheirsapparentiffirstinlineandincapableofbeingdisplacedfrominheritingbyanotherclaim;otherwise,theyareheirspresumptive.Thereisafurtherconceptofjointinheritance,pendingrenunciationbyallbutone,whichiscalledcoparceny. Inmodernlaw,thetermsinheritanceandheirreferexclusivelytosuccessiontopropertybydescentfromadeceaseddyingintestate.Takersinpropertysucceededtounderawillaretermedgenerallybeneficiaries,andspecificallydevisesforrealproperty,bequestsforpersonalproperty(exceptmoney),orlegateesformoney. Exceptinsomejurisdictionswhereapersoncannotbelegallydisinherited(suchastheUnitedStatesstateofLouisiana,whichallowsdisinheritanceonlyunderspecificallyenumeratedcircumstances[citationneeded]),apersonwhowouldbeanheirunderintestatelawsmaybedisinheritedcompletelyunderthetermsofawill(anexampleisthatofthewillofcomedianJerryLewis;hiswillspecificallydisinheritedhissixchildrenbyhisfirstwife,andtheirdescendants,leavinghisentireestatetohissecondwife). History[edit] Furtherinformation:Historicalinheritancesystems Detailedanthropologicalandsociologicalstudieshavebeenmadeaboutcustomsofpatrimonialinheritance,whereonlymalechildrencaninherit.Someculturesalsoemploymatrilinealsuccession,wherepropertycanonlypassalongthefemaleline,mostcommonlygoingtothesister'ssonsofthedecedent;butalso,insomesocieties,fromthemothertoherdaughters.Someancientsocietiesandmostmodernstatesemployegalitarianinheritance,withoutdiscriminationbasedongenderand/orbirthorder. Religiouslawsaboutinheritance[edit] Jewishlaws[edit] Theinheritanceispatrimonial.Thefather—thatis,theowneroftheland—bequeathsonlytohismaledescendants,sothePromisedLandpassesfromoneJewishfathertohissons.AccordingtotheLawofMoses,thefirstbornwasentitledtoreceiveadoubleportionofhisfather'sinheritance,comparedtotheothersiblings(Deuteronomy21:15–17). Iftherewerenolivingsonsandnodescendantsofanypreviouslylivingsons,daughtersinherit.InNumbers27,thedaughtersofZelophehad(Mahlah,Noa,Hoglah,Milcah,andTirzah)ofthetribeofManassehcometoMosesandaskfortheirfather'sinheritance,astheyhavenobrothers.[1]Theorderofinheritanceissetout:aman'ssonsinheritfirst,daughtersifnosons,brothersifhehasnochildren,andsoon.[2] Later,inNumbers36,someoftheheadsofthefamiliesofthetribeofManassehcometoMosesandpointoutthat,ifadaughterinheritsandthenmarriesamannotfromherpaternaltribe,herlandwillpassfromherbirth-tribe'sinheritanceintohermarriage-tribe's.Soafurtherruleislaiddown:ifadaughterinheritsland,shemustmarrysomeonewithinherfather'stribe.[3](ThedaughtersofZelophehadmarrythesons'oftheirfather'sbrothers.Thereisnoindicationthatthiswasnottheirchoice.) ThetractateBabaBathra,writtenduringlateAntiquityinBabylon,dealsextensivelywithissuesofpropertyownershipandinheritanceaccordingtoJewishLaw.OtherworksofRabbinicalLaw,suchastheHilkhotnaḥalot:mi-seferMishnehTorahleha-Rambam,[4]andtheSeferha-yerushot:ʻimyeterha-mikhtavimbe-divreha-halakhahbe-ʻAravituve-ʻIvrituve-Aramit[5]alsodealwithinheritanceissues.Thefirst,oftenabbreviatedtoMishnehTorah,waswrittenbyMaimonidesandwasveryimportantinJewishtradition. Allthesesourcesagreethatthefirstbornsonisentitledtoadoubleportionofhisfather'sestate.[6]Thismeansthat,forexample,ifafatherleftfivesons,thefirstbornreceivesathirdoftheestateandeachoftheotherfourreceivesasixth.Ifheleftninesons,thefirstbornreceivesafifthandeachoftheothereightreceiveatenth.[4][7]Iftheeldestsurvivingsonisnotthefirstbornson,heisnotentitledtothedoubleportion. PhiloofAlexandria[8]andJosephus[9]alsocommentontheJewishlawsofinheritance,praisingthemaboveotherlawcodesoftheirtime.Theyalsoagreedthatthefirstbornsonmustreceiveadoubleportionofhisfather'sestate. Christianlaws[edit] Atfirst,ChristianitydidnothaveitsowninheritancetraditionsdistinctfromJudaism.WiththeaccessionofEmperorConstantinein306,ChristiansbothbegantodistancethemselvesfromJudaismandtohaveinfluenceonthelawandpracticesofsecularinstitutions.Fromthebeginning,thisincludedinheritance.TheRomanpracticeofadoptionwasaspecifictarget,becauseitwasperceivedtobeinconflictwiththeJudeo-Christiandoctrineofprimogeniture.AsStephanieCoontzdocumentsinMarriage,aHistory(Penguin,2006),notonlysuccessionbutthewholeconstellationofrightsandpracticesthatincludedmarriage,adoption,legitimacy,consanguinity,andinheritancechangedinWesternEuropefromaGreco-RomanmodeltoaJudeo-Christianpattern,basedonBiblicalandtraditionalJudeo-Christianprinciples.ThetransformationwasessentiallycompleteintheMiddleAges,althoughinEnglish-speakingcountriestherewasadditionaldevelopmentundertheinfluenceofProtestantism.EvenwhenEuropebecamesecularizedandChristianityfadedintothebackground,thelegalfoundationChristendomhadlaidremained.Onlyintheeraofmodernjurisprudencehavetherebeensignificantchanges. Islamiclaws[edit] Mainarticle:Islamicinheritancejurisprudence TheQuranintroducedanumberofdifferentrightsandrestrictionsonmattersofinheritance,includinggeneralimprovementstothetreatmentofwomenandfamilylifecomparedtothepre-IslamicsocietiesthatexistedintheArabianPeninsulaatthetime.[10]Furthermore,theQuranintroducedadditionalheirsthatwerenotentitledtoinheritanceinpre-Islamictimes,mentioningninerelativesspecificallyofwhichsixwerefemaleandthreeweremale.However,theinheritancerightsofwomenremainedinferiortothoseofmenbecauseinIslamsomeonealwayshasaresponsibilityoflookingafterawoman'sexpenses.AccordingtoQuran4:11,forexample,asonisentitledtotwiceasmuchinheritanceasadaughter.[11][12]TheQuranalsopresentedeffortstofixthelawsofinheritance,andthusformingacompletelegalsystem.Thisdevelopmentwasincontrasttopre-Islamicsocietieswhererulesofinheritancevariedconsiderably.[10]Inadditiontotheabovechanges,theQuranimposedrestrictionsontestamentarypowersofaMuslimindisposinghisorherproperty. ThreeversesoftheQuran,4:11,4:12and4:176,givespecificdetailsofinheritanceandshares,inadditiontofewotherversesdealingwithtestamentary.[13][14]ButthisinformationwasusedasastartingpointbyMuslimjuristswhoexpoundedthelawsofinheritanceevenfurtherusingHadith,aswellasmethodsofjuristicreasoninglikeQiyas.Nowadays,inheritanceisconsideredanintegralpartofSharialawanditsapplicationforMuslimsismandatory,thoughmanypeoples(seeHistoricalinheritancesystems),despitebeingMuslim,haveotherinheritancecustoms. Inequality[edit] InheritancebyamountanddistributionreceivedandactiontakenwithinheritancesinGreatBritainbetween2008and2010 Thedistributionoftheinheritedwealthhasvariedgreatlyamongdifferentculturesandlegaltraditions.Innationsusingcivillaw,forexample,therightofchildrentoinheritwealthfromparentsinpre-definedratiosisenshrinedinlaw,[15]asfarbackastheCodeofHammurabi(ca.1750BC).[16]IntheUSStateofLouisiana,theonlyUSstatewherethelegalsystemisderivedfromtheNapoleonicCode,thissystemisknownas"forcedheirship"whichprohibitsdisinheritanceofadultchildrenexceptforafewnarrowly-definedreasonsthataparentisobligatedtoprove.[17]Otherlegaltraditions,particularlyinnationsusingcommonlaw,allowinheritancestobedividedhoweveronewishes,ortodisinheritanychildforanyreason. Incasesofunequalinheritance,themajoritymightreceivelittlewhileonlyasmallnumberinheritalargeramount.[citationneeded]Theamountofinheritanceisoftenfarlessthanthevalueofabusinessinitiallygiventotheson,especiallywhenasontakesoverathrivingmultimillion-dollarbusiness,yetthedaughterisgiventhebalanceoftheactualinheritanceamountingtofarlessthanthevalueofbusinessthatwasinitiallygiventotheson.Thisisespeciallyseeninoldworldcultures,butcontinuesinmanyfamiliestothisday.[18] Argumentsforeliminatingforcedheirshipincludetherighttopropertyandthemeritofindividualallocationofcapitalovergovernmentwealthconfiscationandredistribution,butthisdoesnotresolvewhatsome[who?]describeastheproblemofunequalinheritance.Intermsofinheritanceinequality,someeconomistsandsociologistsfocusontheintergenerationaltransmissionofincomeorwealthwhichissaidtohaveadirectimpactonone'smobility(orimmobility)andclasspositioninsociety.Nationsdifferonthepoliticalstructureandpolicyoptionsthatgovernthetransferofwealth.[19] AccordingtotheAmericanfederalgovernmentstatisticscompiledbyMarkZandiin1985,theaverageUSinheritancewas$39,000.Insubsequentyears,theoverallamountoftotalannualinheritancemorethandoubled,reachingnearly$200billion.By2050,therewillbeanestimated$25trillioninheritancetransmittedacrossgenerations.[20] Someresearchershaveattributedthisrisetothebabyboomergeneration.Historically,thebabyboomerswerethelargestinfluxofchildrenconceivedafterWW2.Forthisreason,ThomasShapirosuggeststhatthisgeneration"isinthemidstofbenefitingfromthegreatestinheritanceofwealthinhistory".[21]InheritedwealthmayhelpexplainwhymanyAmericanswhohavebecomerichmayhavehada"substantialheadstart".[22][23]InSeptember2012,accordingtotheInstituteforPolicyStudies,"over60percent"oftheForbesrichest400Americans"grewupinsubstantialprivilege",andoften(butnotalways)receivedsubstantialinheritances.[24] Otherresearchhasshownthatmanyinheritances,largeorsmall,arerapidlysquandered.[25]Similarly,analysisshowsthatovertwo-thirdsofhigh-wealthfamilieslosetheirwealthwithintwogenerations,andalmost80%ofhigh-wealthparents"feelthenextgenerationisnotfinanciallyresponsibleenoughtohandleinheritance".[26] Socialstratification[edit] Ithasbeenarguedthatinheritanceplaysasignificanteffectonsocialstratification.Inheritanceisanintegralcomponentoffamily,economic,andlegalinstitutions,andabasicmechanismofclassstratification.Italsoaffectsthedistributionofwealthatthesocietallevel.Thetotalcumulativeeffectofinheritanceonstratificationoutcomestakesthreeforms,accordingtoscholarswhohaveexaminedthesubject. Thefirstformofinheritanceistheinheritanceofculturalcapital(i.e.linguisticstyles,higherstatussocialcircles,andaestheticpreferences).[27]Thesecondformofinheritanceisthroughfamilialinterventionsintheformofintervivostransfers(i.e.giftsbetweentheliving),especiallyatcrucialjuncturesinthelifecourses.Examplesincludeduringachild'smilestonestages,suchasgoingtocollege,gettingmarried,gettingajob,andpurchasingahome.[27]Thethirdformofinheritanceisthetransfersofbulkestatesatthetimeofdeathofthetestators,thusresultinginsignificanteconomicadvantageaccruingtochildrenduringtheiradultyears.[28]Theoriginofthestabilityofinequalitiesismaterial(personalpossessionsoneisabletoobtain)andisalsocultural,rootedeitherinvaryingchild-rearingpracticesthataregearedtosocializationaccordingtosocialclassandeconomicposition.Child-rearingpracticesamongthosewhoinheritwealthmaycenteraroundfavoringsomegroupsattheexpenseofothersatthebottomofthesocialhierarchy.[29] Sociologicalandeconomiceffectsofinheritanceinequality[edit] Itisfurtherarguedthatthedegreetowhicheconomicstatusandinheritanceistransmittedacrossgenerationsdeterminesone'slifechancesinsociety.Althoughmanyhavelinkedone'ssocialoriginsandeducationalattainmenttolifechancesandopportunities,educationcannotserveasthemostinfluentialpredictorofeconomicmobility.Infact,childrenofwell-offparentsgenerallyreceivebetterschoolingandbenefitfrommaterial,cultural,andgeneticinheritances.[30]Likewise,schoolingattainmentisoftenpersistentacrossgenerationsandfamilieswithhigheramountsofinheritanceareabletoacquireandtransmithigheramountsofhumancapital.Loweramountsofhumancapitalandinheritancecanperpetuateinequalityinthehousingmarketandhighereducation.Researchrevealsthatinheritanceplaysanimportantroleintheaccumulationofhousingwealth.Thosewhoreceiveaninheritancearemorelikelytoownahomethanthosewhodonotregardlessofthesizeoftheinheritance.[31] Often,racialorreligiousminoritiesandindividualsfromsociallydisadvantagedbackgroundsreceivelessinheritanceandwealth.[citationneeded]Asaresult,mixedracesmightbeexcludedininheritanceprivilegeandaremorelikelytorenthomesorliveinpoorerneighborhoods,aswellasachievelowereducationalattainmentcomparedwithwhitesinAmerica.Individualswithasubstantialamountofwealthandinheritanceoftenintermarrywithothersofthesamesocialclasstoprotecttheirwealthandensurethecontinuoustransmissionofinheritanceacrossgenerations;thusperpetuatingacycleofprivilege. Nationswiththehighestincomeandwealthinequalitiesoftenhavethehighestratesofhomicideanddisease(suchasobesity,diabetes,andhypertension)whichresultsinhighmortalityrates.[32]ATheNewYorkTimesarticlerevealsthattheU.S.istheworld'swealthiestnation,but"rankstwenty-ninthinlifeexpectancy,rightbehindJordanandBosnia"and"hasthesecondhighestmortalityrateofthecomparableOECDcountries".[33]Thishasbeenregardedashighlyattributedtothesignificantgapofinheritanceinequalityinthecountry,[34]althoughthereareclearlyotherfactorssuchastheaffordabilityofhealthcare. Whensocialandeconomicinequalitiescenteredoninheritanceareperpetuatedbymajorsocialinstitutionssuchasfamily,education,religion,etc.,thesedifferinglifeopportunitiesarearguedtobetransmittedfromeachgeneration.Asaresult,thisinequalityisbelievedtobecomepartoftheoverallsocialstructure.[35] Dynasticwealth[edit] Dynasticwealthismonetaryinheritancethatispassedontogenerationsthatdidn'tearnit.[36]DynasticwealthislinkedtothetermPlutocracy.MuchhasbeenwrittenabouttheriseandinfluenceofdynasticwealthincludingthebestsellingbookCapitalintheTwenty-FirstCenturybytheFrencheconomistThomasPiketty.[37] BillGatesusestheterminhisarticle"WhyInequalityMatters".[38] Sovietresponsetoinheritance[edit] AsCommunismisfoundedontheMarxistLaborTheoryofValue,anymoneycollectedinthecourseofalifetimeisjustifiedifitwasbasedonthefruitsoftheperson'sownlaborandnotfromexploitingothers.ThefirstcommunistgovernmentinstalledaftertheRussianRevolutionresolvedthereforetoabolishtherightofinheritance,[39]withsomeexceptions. Taxation[edit] Mainarticle:Inheritancetax Manystateshaveinheritancetaxesorestatetaxes,underwhichaportionofanyinheritanceorestatebecomesgovernmentrevenue. Seealso[edit] Beneficiary Digitalinheritance InheritancelawinCanada Smartcontract Transformativeasset Estateplanning Familylaw References[edit] ^Hebrew-EnglishBibleNumbers27:1–4 ^Hebrew-EnglishBibleNumbers27:7–11 ^Hebrew-EnglishBibleNumbers36 ^ab"Nachalot-Chapter2".www.chabad.org.Archivedfromtheoriginalon9June2013.Retrieved28September2017. ^SaʻadiabenJoseph,JoelMüller(28September1897)."Seferha-yerushot:ʻimyeterha-mikhtavimbe-divreha-halakhahbe-ʻAravituve-ʻIvrituve-Aramit".ErnestLeroux.Retrieved28September2017–viaInternetArchive. ^Hebrew-EnglishBibleDeuteronomy21:17 ^"Archivedcopy"(PDF).Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on2016-03-04.Retrieved2013-04-02.{{citeweb}}:CS1maint:archivedcopyastitle(link) ^Spec.Leg.2.130 ^Ant.4.249 ^abC.E.Bosworth;et al.,eds.(1993)."Mīrāth".EncyclopaediaofIslam.Vol. 7(second ed.).BrillAcademicPublishers.ISBN 90-04-09419-9. ^Quran 4:11 ^"TheQuranicArabicCorpus-Translation".corpus.quran.com.Archivedfromtheoriginalon1March2017.Retrieved28September2017. ^Quran 4:11,12,176 ^"TranslationsoftheQur'an,Surah4:AN-NISA(WOMEN)".CenterforMuslim-JewishEngagement.Archivedfromtheoriginalon1May2015.Retrieved1May2015. ^JuliaTwiggandAlainGrand.Contrastinglegalconceptionsoffamilyobligationandfinancialreciprocityinthesupportofolderpeople:FranceandEnglandArchived2018-02-01attheWaybackMachineAgeing&Society,18(2)March1998,pp.131-146 ^EdmondN.Cahn.RestraintsonDisinheritanceUniversityofPennsylvaniaLawReviewandAmericanLawRegister,Vol.85,No.2(Dec.,1936),pp.139-153 ^43Loy.L.Rev.1(1997-1998) TheNewForcedHeirshipinLouisiana:HistoricalPerspectives,ComparativeLawAnalysesandReflectionsupontheIntegrationofNewStructuresintoaClassicalCivilLawSystemArchived2018-04-29attheWaybackMachine ^Davies,JamesB."TheRelativeImpactofInheritanceandOtherFactorsonEconomicInequality".TheQuarterlyJournalofEconomics,Vol.97,No.3,pp.471 ^Angel,JacquelineL.InheritanceinContemporaryAmerica:TheSocialDimensionsofGivingacrossGenerations.p.35 ^Marable,Manning."LetterFromAmerica:Inheritance,WealthandRace."Googlepages.comArchived2008-12-16attheWaybackMachine ^Shapiro,ThomasM.TheHiddenCostofBeingAfricanAmerican:HowWealthPerpetuatesInequality.OxfordUniversityPress.2004.p.5 ^Bruenig,Matt(March24,2014)."Youcallthisameritocracy?HowrichinheritanceispoisoningtheAmericaneconomy".Salon.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonJuly31,2014.RetrievedAugust24,2014. ^Staff(March18,2014)."Inequality–Inheritedwealth".TheEconomist.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonAugust26,2014.RetrievedAugust24,2014. ^Pizzigati,Sam(September24,2012)."The'Self-Made'HallucinationofAmerica'sRich".InstituteforPolicyStudies.RetrievedAugust24,2014. ^ElizabethO'Brien.OneinthreeAmericanswhogetaninheritanceblowitArchived2018-02-01attheWaybackMachine,MarketWatch.com ^ChrisTaylor.70%ofRichFamiliesLoseTheirWealthbytheSecondGenerationArchived2018-01-24attheWaybackMachine,Time.com,June17,2015 ^ab(EditedBy)Miller,RobertK.,McNamee,StephenJ.InheritanceandWealthinAmerica.p.2 ^(EditedBy)Miller,RobertK.,McNamee,StephenL.InheritanceandWealthinAmerica.p.4 ^Clignet,Remi.Death,Deeds,andDescendants:InheritanceinModernAmerica.p.3 ^Bowles,Samuel;Gintis,Herbert,"TheInheritanceofInequality."JournalofEconomicPerspectivesVol.16,No.3,2002,p.4 ^Flippen,ChenoaA."RacialandEthnicInequalityinHomeownershipandHousingEquity."TheSociologicalQuarterly,Volume42,No.2p.134 ^page20of"TheSpiritLevel"byWilkinson&Pickett,BloomsburyPress2009 ^"HowdomortalityratesintheU.S.comparetoothercountries?". ^Dubner,Stephen."HowBigofaDealIsIncomeInequality?AGuestPost".TheNewYorkTimes.August27,2008. ^Rokicka,Ewa."LocalpolicytargetedatreducinginheritanceofinequalitiesinEuropeancountries."May2006.Lodz.plArchived2008-12-16attheWaybackMachine(inPolish) ^JohnJ.Miller,"OpentheFloodGates","TheWallStreetJournal",July7,2006 ^Piketty,Thomas,"CapitalintheTwenty-FirstCentury".HarvardUniversityPress,Mar10,2014 ^BILLGATES,"WhyInequalityMatters","LinkedIn",15October2014 ^"AbolitionofInheritance".SeventeenMomentsinSovietHistory.2015-08-26.Retrieved2021-01-06. Externallinks[edit] Wikiquotehasquotationsrelatedto:Inheritance "Inheritance" .EncyclopædiaBritannica.Vol. 14(11th ed.).1911. 26July2006USATodayarticleondilemmatherichfacewhenleavingwealthtochildren vteFamily History Household Nuclearfamily Extendedfamily Conjugalfamily Immediatefamily Matrifocalfamily First-degreerelatives Parent father mother Child son daughter Sibling brother sister Second-degreerelatives Grandparent Grandchild Aunt Uncle Niece Nephew Third-degreerelatives Great-grandparent Great-grandchild Great-aunt Great-uncle Cousin Family-in-law Spouse wife husband Parent-in-law Sibling-in-law Child-in-law daughter-in-law son-in-law Stepfamily Stepparent stepfather stepmother Stepchild Stepsibling Kinshipterminology Kinship AustralianAboriginalkinship Adoption Affinity Consanguinity Disownment Divorce Estrangement Fictivekinship Marriage Nurturekinship Hawaiiankinship Sudanesekinship Eskimokinship Iroquoiskinship Crowkinship Omahakinship Genealogyandlineage Bilateraldescent Commonancestor Familyname Heirloom Heredity Inheritance Linealdescendant Matrilineality Patrilineality Progenitor Clan Royaldescent Familytrees Pedigreechart Genogram Ahnentafel Genealogicalnumberingsystems Seizequartiers Quartersofnobility Relationships Agape(parentallove) Eros(maritallove) Philia(brotherlylove) Storge(familiallove) Filialpiety Polyfidelity Holidays Mother'sDay U.S. Father'sDay Father-DaughterDay SiblingsDay NationalGrandparentsDay Parents'Day Children'sDay Japan FamilyDay Canada AmericanFamilyDay InternationalDayofFamilies NationalFamilyWeek UK NationalAdoptionDay Related Singleparent Onlychild Weddinganniversary Godparent Sociologyofthefamily MuseumofMotherhood Incest Dysfunctionalfamily vtePropertyByowner Collective Common Communal Community Crown Customary Cooperative Private Public Self Social State Unowned Bynature Estate Croft Intangible Intellectual indigenous Personal Tangible real Commons Commonland Common-poolresource Digital Global Information Knowledge Theory Bundleofrights Commodity fictitiouscommodities Commongood(economics) Excludability Firstpossession appropriation homesteadprinciple Free-riderproblem Gametheory Georgism Gifteconomy Labortheoryofproperty Lawofrent rent-seeking Legalplunder Naturalrights Ownership Propertyrights primogeniture usufruct women's Righttoproperty Rivalry Tragedyofthecommons anticommons Applications Acequia(watercourse) Ejido(agrarianland) Foresttypes Huerta Inheritance Landtenure Propertylaw alienation easement restraintonalienation realestate title Rights Air Fishing Forest-dwelling(India) Freedomtoroam Grazing pannage Hunting Land aboriginal indigenous squatting Littoral Mineral Bergregal Rightofway Water prior-appropriation riparian Disposession/redistribution Bioprospecting Collectivization Eminentdomain Enclosure Eviction Expropriation Farhud Forcedmigration populationtransfer Illegalfishing Illegallogging Landreform Legalplunder Piracy Poaching Primitiveaccumulation Privatization Regulatorytaking Slavery bridebuying humantrafficking spousal husband-selling wifeselling wage Tax inheritance poll progressive property Theft Scholars(keywork) FrédéricBastiat TheLaw RonaldCoase FriedrichEngels TheOriginoftheFamily,PrivatePropertyandtheState HenryGeorge ProgressandPoverty GarrettHardin DavidHarvey JohnLocke TwoTreatisesofGovernment KarlMarx DasKapital MarcelMauss TheGift JohnStuartMill ElinorOstrom KarlPolanyi TheGreatTransformation Pierre-JosephProudhon WhatIsProperty? DavidRicardo MurrayN.Rothbard TheEthicsofLiberty Jean-JacquesRousseau TheSocialContract AdamSmith TheWealthofNations Categories:Property Propertylaw bycountry vteExtremewealthConcepts Capitalaccumulation Overaccumulation Economicinequality Elite Oligarchy Overclass Plutocracy Plutonomy Upperclass Nouveauriche(newmoney) Vieuxriche(oldmoney) Veblengoods Conspicuousconsumption Conspicuousleisure People Billionaire Captainofindustry High-net-worthindividual UHNWI Magnate Business Millionaire Oligarch Business Russian Ukrainian Robberbaron Wealth Concentration Distribution Dynastic Effect Geography Inherited Management National Paper Religion Tax ListsPeople Forbeslistofbillionaires Femalebillionaires Richestroyals WealthiestAmericans Wealthiestfamilies Wealthiesthistoricalfigures Organizations Largestcompaniesbyrevenue Largestcorporateprofitsandlosses Largestcorporationsbymarketcapitalization Largestfinancialservicescompaniesbyrevenue Largestmanufacturingcompaniesbyrevenue Largestsoftwarecompaniesbyrevenue Largesttechnologycompaniesbyrevenue Charities Philanthropists Universities Endowmentsize Numberofbillionairealumni Other Citiesbynumberofbillionaires Countriesbynumberofbillionaires Countriesbytotalwealth Mostexpensiveitems bycategory Wealthiestanimals Seealso Diseasesofaffluence Affluenza Argumentumadcrumenam Prosperitytheology Philanthropy GospelofWealth TheGivingPledge Philanthrocapitalism Venturephilanthropy Sayings Therichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorer Socialismfortherichandcapitalismforthepoor Toobigtofail Media DasKapital Plutus Greekgodofwealth Superclass List TheTheoryoftheLeisureClass Wealth TheWealthofNations Category ByCountry Commons Search Commons AuthoritycontrolNationallibraries France(data) Germany Israel UnitedStates Other NationalArchives(US) Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inheritance&oldid=1074795088" Categories:InheritanceScotslawlegalterminologyWillsandtrustsAncestorsSocialstratificationHiddencategories:CS1:Julian–GregorianuncertaintyCS1maint:archivedcopyastitleWebarchivetemplatewaybacklinksArticleswithPolish-languagesources(pl)ArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionmatchesWikidataAllarticleswithunsourcedstatementsArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromAugust2021ArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromJanuary2018Allarticleswithspecificallymarkedweasel-wordedphrasesArticleswithspecificallymarkedweasel-wordedphrasesfromJanuary2018Wikipediaarticlesincorporatingacitationfromthe1911EncyclopaediaBritannicawithWikisourcereferenceArticleswithBNFidentifiersArticleswithGNDidentifiersArticleswithJ9UidentifiersArticleswithLCCNidentifiersArticleswithNARAidentifiers Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English expanded collapsed Views ReadEditViewhistory More expanded collapsed Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommonsWikiquote Languages AfrikaansالعربيةAragonésAzərbaycancaتۆرکجهБеларускаяБългарскиBrezhonegБуряадCatalàЧӑвашлаČeštinaChiShonaCymraegDanskDeutschEspañolEsperantoEuskaraفارسیFrançaisFryskGalego한국어Հայերենहिन्दीIdoBahasaIndonesiaÍslenskaItalianoעבריתಕನ್ನಡҚазақшаKiswahiliКыргызчаLatinaLietuviųMagyarBahasaMelayuNederlands日本語NorskbokmålNorsknynorskOʻzbekcha/ўзбекчаپنجابیPolskiPortuguêsRomânăRunaSimiРусскийSimpleEnglishSlovenščinaСрпски/srpskiSundaSuomiSvenskaไทยТоҷикӣTürkçeУкраїнськаاردوTiếngViệtWalonWolof吴语ייִדיש粵語中文 Editlinks