Taiwan - Global Obesity Observatory

National obesity risk *7/10This is a composite 'obesity risk' score (out of 10, the highest risk) based on obesity prevalence, rate of increase, likelihood of ... . Taiwan|WorldObesityFederationGlobalObesityObservatory Skiptomenu Skiptocontent OverviewObesityprevalenceTrendsovertimeDriversComorbiditiesHealthsystemsPolicies Loadingdata–pleasewait…Nationalobesityrisk*7/10Thisisacomposite‘obesityrisk’score(outof10,thehighestrisk)basedonobesityprevalence,rateofincrease,likelihoodofmeetingthe2025target,treatmentindicatorandchildhoodstuntinglevels.Childhoodobesityrisk*7.5/11Thisisa‘riskscore’foreachcountry’slikelihoodofhavingoracquiringamajorchildhoodobesityproblemduringthe2020s,takingaccountofcurrentprevalencelevelsandriskforfutureobesity(basedonstuntingamonginfants,maternalobesity,maternalsmoking,andbreastfeedingrates).*Basedonestimateddata.FormoreinformationseePublicationsObesityprevalenceTrendsovertimeDownloadreportcardThereportcardcollatesallthemost-recentgraphicsforthiscountry.Ifyouwouldliketoproduceacustomreportbasedonselectedgraphics,justtaptheAddtocustomPDFbuttonbelowthegraphicsyouwouldliketouse.DriversFruitconsumptionProcessedmeatconsumptionGrainsconsumptionRootsofobesity»Likeallchronicdiseases,therootcauses/driversofobesityarecomplex.Selectheretoview'other'rootcauses/drivers.DownloadreportcardComorbiditiesDiabetesprevalenceDownloadreportcardHealthsystemsHealthsystemsPoliciesObesityprevalenceAdults,2013-2014Surveytype:MeasuredAge:19+Samplesize:1440Areacovered:NationalReferences:ChangHC,YangHC,ChangHY,etal.MorbidobesityinTaiwan:Prevalence,trends,associatedsocialdemographics,andlifestylefactors.PLoSOne.2017;12(2):e0169577.Published2017Feb2.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169577Unlessotherwisenoted,overweightreferstoaBMIbetween25kgand29.9kg/m²,obesityreferstoaBMIgreaterthan30kg/m².DownloadgraphAddtochartbuilderAddtocustomPDFAdults,2005-2008Surveytype:MeasuredAge:19+Samplesize:1673Areacovered:NationalReferences:ChangHC,YangHC,ChangHY,etal.MorbidobesityinTaiwan:Prevalence,trends,associatedsocialdemographics,andlifestylefactors.PLoSOne.2017;12(2):e0169577.Published2017Feb2.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169577Unlessotherwisenoted,overweightreferstoaBMIbetween25kgand29.9kg/m²,obesityreferstoaBMIgreaterthan30kg/m².DownloadgraphAddtochartbuilderAddtocustomPDFAdults,2003-2006Surveytype:MeasuredAge:19+Samplesize:2787Areacovered:NationalReferences:Yeh,Chih-Jung,etal."TimeTrendofObesity,theMetabolicSyndromeandRelatedDietaryPatterninTaiwan:FromNAHSIT1993-1996toNAHSIT2005-2008."AsiaPacificJournalofClinicalNutrition,vol.20,no.2,2011,pp.292-300.Notes:BMI>27alsoavailable NB.Combinedadultdataestimated.Theseestimateswerecalculatedbyweightingmaleandfemalesurveyresults.WeightingbasedonWorldBankPopulation%totalfemale2019(https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL.FE.ZS-accessed21.10.20)'Unlessotherwisenoted,overweightreferstoaBMIbetween25kgand29.9kg/m²,obesityreferstoaBMIgreaterthan30kg/m².DownloadgraphAddtochartbuilderAddtocustomPDFAdults,1993-1996Surveytype:MeasuredAge:19+Samplesize:2860Areacovered:NationalReferences:Yeh,Chih-Jung,etal."TimeTrendofObesity,theMetabolicSyndromeandRelatedDietaryPatterninTaiwan:FromNAHSIT1993-1996toNAHSIT2005-2008."AsiaPacificJournalofClinicalNutrition,vol.20,no.2,2011,pp.292-300.Notes:BMI>27alsoavailableUnlessotherwisenoted,overweightreferstoaBMIbetween25kgand29.9kg/m²,obesityreferstoaBMIgreaterthan30kg/m².DownloadgraphAddtochartbuilderAddtocustomPDFAdults,1993-1996Surveytype:MeasuredAge:19+Samplesize:3071Areacovered:NationalReferences:ChangHC,YangHC,ChangHY,etal.MorbidobesityinTaiwan:Prevalence,trends,associatedsocialdemographics,andlifestylefactors.PLoSOne.2017;12(2):e0169577.Published2017Feb2.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169577Unlessotherwisenoted,overweightreferstoaBMIbetween25kgand29.9kg/m²,obesityreferstoaBMIgreaterthan30kg/m².DownloadgraphAddtochartbuilderAddtocustomPDFChildren,2006-2007Surveytype:MeasuredAge:10-18Samplesize:29313Areacovered:NationalReferences:HsuYW,LiouTH,LiouYM,ChenHJ,ChienLY.MeasurementsandprofilesofbodyweightmisperceptionsamongTaiwaneseteenagers:anationalsurvey.AsiaPacJClinNutr.2016;25(1):108-17.doi:10.6133/apjcn.2016.25.2.08.PMID:26965769.Notes:AlsohasprevalencebyofbasedonrecommendedBMIclassificationaccordingtotheHealthPromotionAdministration,MinistryofHealthandWelfare.Cutoffs:IOTFDownloadgraphAddtochartbuilderAddtocustomPDFChildren,2001Surveytype:MeasuredAge:6-18Samplesize:24586Areacovered:NationalReferences:ChenLJ,FoxKR,HaaseAandWangJM.(2006).Obesity,fitnessandhealthinTaiwanesechildrenandadolescents.EuropeanJournalofClinicalNutrition,60:1367-1375.Notes:IOTFCutoff.Reference:ColeTJ,BellizziMC,FlegalKM,DietzWH.Establishingastandarddefinitionforchildoverweightandobesityworldwide:Internationalsurvey.BMJ.2000May6;320(7244):1240-3. NB.Combinedchilddataestimated.Theseestimateswerecalculatedbyweightingmaleandfemalesurveyresults.WeightingbasedonWorldBankPopulation%totalfemale2019(https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL.FE.ZS-accessed21.10.20)'Cutoffs:IOTFDownloadgraphAddtochartbuilderAddtocustomPDFChildren,1999Surveytype:MeasuredAge:6-17Samplesize:13935Areacovered:NationalReferences:ChenLJ,FoxKR,HaaseA,WangJM.Obesity,fitnessandhealthinTaiwanesechildrenandadolescents.EJCN2006;onlinepublishedaheadofprintNotes:IOTFCutoff.Reference:ColeTJ,BellizziMC,FlegalKM,DietzWH.Establishingastandarddefinitionforchildoverweightandobesityworldwide:Internationalsurvey.BMJ.2000May6;320(7244):1240-3Cutoffs:IOTFDownloadgraphAddtochartbuilderAddtocustomPDF%Adultslivingwithobesity,1993-2014Surveytype:MeasuredReferences:ChangHC,YangHC,ChangHY,etal.MorbidobesityinTaiwan:Prevalence,trends,associatedsocialdemographics,andlifestylefactors.PLoSOne.2017;12(2):e0169577.Published2017Feb2.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169577Definitions:OtherCutoffsavailableUnlessotherwisenoted,overweightreferstoaBMIbetween25kgand29.9kg/m²,obesityreferstoaBMIgreaterthan30kg/m².Differentmethodologiesmayhavebeenusedtocollectthisdataandsodatafromdifferentsurveysmaynotbestrictlycomparable.Pleasecheckwithoriginaldatasourcesformethodologiesused.DownloadthisgraphAddtocustomPDF%Adultslivingwithobesity,selectedcountries,1976-2019MenReferences:1976,1981,1986:YoshiikeN,SeinoF,TajimaS,AraiY,KawanoM,FuruhataT,InoueS.Twenty-yearchangesintheprevalenceofoverweightinJapaneseadults:TheNationalNutritionSurvey1976-95.ObesityReviews2002;3:183-1901993:SolonFS.NutritionrelatedchronicdiseasesinthePhilippines.Makaticity,Philippines:NutritionCenterofthePhilippinesReportSeries,vol2,No.1,citedinReference531995,1996:MartorellR,KhanLK,HughesML,GrummerStrawnLM.Obesityinwomenfromdevelopingcountries.EJCN(2000)54;247-2521998:DataprovidedbythePhilippeanDepatmentofHealth,DrC.Barbu,datareanalysedbyDrCharmaineDuante.2000:AsiaPacificCohortStudiesCollaboration.TheburdenofoverweightandobesityintheAsia-Pacificregion.ObesityReviews2007;8:191-196.2001:SCN(2004).5thReportontheWorldNutritionSituation.NutritionforImprovedDevelopmentOutcomes.Appendix112002:Reportofthe2002ChinaNationalNutritionandHealthSurvey.2004.(InChinese).ChineseMinistryofPublicHealth(CMPH).2003:http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/files/fnri%20files/nns/factsandfigures2003/anthropometric.pdf(lastaccessedJune14th2011)2004:TongaSTEPSSurvey20042005,2013:ChangHC,YangHC,ChangHY,etal.MorbidobesityinTaiwan:Prevalence,trends,associatedsocialdemographics,andlifestylefactors.PLoSOne.2017;12(2):e0169577.Published2017Feb2.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.01695772006:GerritsenS,StefanogiannisN,GallowayY,DevlinM,TemplatonRandYehL.Aportraitofhealth:keyresultsofthe2006/07NewZealandHealthSurvey.2007:MohamudWN,MusaKI,KhirAS,IsmailAA,IsmailIS,KadirKA,KamaruddinNA,YaacobNA,MustafaN,AliO,IsaSH,BebakarWM.PrevalenceofoverweightandobesityamongadultMalaysians:anupdate.AsiaPacJClinNutr.2011;20(1):35-41.2009:Yan,S.,Li,J.,Li,S.,Zhang,B.,Du,S.,Gordon-Larsen,P.,Adair,L.andPopkin,B.(2012),TheexpandingburdenofcardiometabolicriskinChina:theChinaHealthandNutritionSurvey.ObesityReviews.doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01016.x2011,2012:NewZealandHealthSurvey.https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2018-19-new-zealand-health-survey(lastaccessed14.07.20)2014:NewZealandHealthSurvey2014/15.https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2014-15-new-zealand-health-survey(lastaccessed16.12.2015)2015:2015PhilippineAnthropometricSurvey.http://enutrition.fnri.dost.gov.ph/site/preview.php?xx=%20uploads/2015_ANTHROPOMETRIC_SURVEY.pdf2016:MinistryofHealth.2018.AnnualDataExplorer2017/18:NewZealandHealthSurvey[DataFile].URL:https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2017-18-annual-data-explorer/(lastaccessed14thDecember2017)2017:TongaSTEPSSurvey2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713(Lastaccessed13.10.20)2018:NewZealandHealthSurvey2018-19.NewZealandMinistryofHealth(https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2018-19-annual-data-explorer/_w_b396d161/#!/key-indicatorsaccessed14.11.19)2019:InstituteforPublicHealth(IPH),NationalInstitutesofHealth,MinistryofHealthMalaysia.2020.NationalHealthandMorbidity Survey(NHMS)2019:Vol.I:NCDs–Non-CommunicableDiseases:RiskFactorsandotherHealthProblemsDifferentmethodologiesmayhavebeenusedtocollectthisdataandsodatafromdifferentsurveysmaynotbestrictlycomparable.Pleasecheckwithoriginaldatasourcesformethodologiesused.DownloadgraphAddtocustomPDFWomenReferences:1976,1981,1986:YoshiikeN,SeinoF,TajimaS,AraiY,KawanoM,FuruhataT,InoueS.Twenty-yearchangesintheprevalenceofoverweightinJapaneseadults:TheNationalNutritionSurvey1976-95.ObesityReviews2002;3:183-1901993:SolonFS.NutritionrelatedchronicdiseasesinthePhilippines.Makaticity,Philippines:NutritionCenterofthePhilippinesReportSeries,vol2,No.1,citedinReference531995,1996:MartorellR,KhanLK,HughesML,GrummerStrawnLM.Obesityinwomenfromdevelopingcountries.EJCN(2000)54;247-2521998:DataprovidedbythePhilippeanDepatmentofHealth,DrC.Barbu,datareanalysedbyDrCharmaineDuante.2000:AsiaPacificCohortStudiesCollaboration.TheburdenofoverweightandobesityintheAsia-Pacificregion.ObesityReviews2007;8:191-196.2001:SCN(2004).5thReportontheWorldNutritionSituation.NutritionforImprovedDevelopmentOutcomes.Appendix112002:Reportofthe2002ChinaNationalNutritionandHealthSurvey.2004.(InChinese).ChineseMinistryofPublicHealth(CMPH).2003:http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/files/fnri%20files/nns/factsandfigures2003/anthropometric.pdf(lastaccessedJune14th2011)2004:TongaSTEPSSurvey20042005,2013:ChangHC,YangHC,ChangHY,etal.MorbidobesityinTaiwan:Prevalence,trends,associatedsocialdemographics,andlifestylefactors.PLoSOne.2017;12(2):e0169577.Published2017Feb2.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.01695772006:GerritsenS,StefanogiannisN,GallowayY,DevlinM,TemplatonRandYehL.Aportraitofhealth:keyresultsofthe2006/07NewZealandHealthSurvey.2007:MohamudWN,MusaKI,KhirAS,IsmailAA,IsmailIS,KadirKA,KamaruddinNA,YaacobNA,MustafaN,AliO,IsaSH,BebakarWM.PrevalenceofoverweightandobesityamongadultMalaysians:anupdate.AsiaPacJClinNutr.2011;20(1):35-41.2009:Yan,S.,Li,J.,Li,S.,Zhang,B.,Du,S.,Gordon-Larsen,P.,Adair,L.andPopkin,B.(2012),TheexpandingburdenofcardiometabolicriskinChina:theChinaHealthandNutritionSurvey.ObesityReviews.doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01016.x2011,2012:NewZealandHealthSurvey.https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2018-19-new-zealand-health-survey(lastaccessed14.07.20)2014:NewZealandHealthSurvey2014/15.https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2014-15-new-zealand-health-survey(lastaccessed16.12.2015)2015:2015PhilippineAnthropometricSurvey.http://enutrition.fnri.dost.gov.ph/site/preview.php?xx=%20uploads/2015_ANTHROPOMETRIC_SURVEY.pdf2016:MinistryofHealth.2018.AnnualDataExplorer2017/18:NewZealandHealthSurvey[DataFile].URL:https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2017-18-annual-data-explorer/(lastaccessed14thDecember2017)2017:TongaSTEPSSurvey2017 https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/713(Lastaccessed13.10.20)2018:NewZealandHealthSurvey2018-19.NewZealandMinistryofHealth(https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2018-19-annual-data-explorer/_w_b396d161/#!/key-indicatorsaccessed14.11.19)2019:InstituteforPublicHealth(IPH),NationalInstitutesofHealth,MinistryofHealthMalaysia.2020.NationalHealthandMorbidity Survey(NHMS)2019:Vol.I:NCDs–Non-CommunicableDiseases:RiskFactorsandotherHealthProblemsDifferentmethodologiesmayhavebeenusedtocollectthisdataandsodatafromdifferentsurveysmaynotbestrictlycomparable.Pleasecheckwithoriginaldatasourcesformethodologiesused.DownloadgraphAddtocustomPDFEstimatedpercapitafruitintakeAdults,2017Surveytype:MeasuredAge:25+References:GlobalBurdenofDisease,theInstituteforHealthMetricsandEvaluationhttp://ghdx.healthdata.org/Definitions:Estimatedper-capitafruitintake(g/day)DownloadthisgraphAddtochartbuilderAddtocustomPDFEstimatedper-capitaprocessedmeatintakeAdults,2017Surveytype:MeasuredAge:25+References:GlobalBurdenofDisease,theInstituteforHealthMetricsandEvaluationhttp://ghdx.healthdata.org/Definitions:Estimatedper-capitaprocessedmeatintake(gperday)DownloadthisgraphAddtochartbuilderAddtocustomPDFEstimatedpercapitawholegrainsintakeAdults,2017Surveytype:MeasuredAge:25+References:GlobalBurdenofDisease,theInstituteforHealthMetricsandEvaluationhttp://ghdx.healthdata.org/Definitions:Estimatedper-capitawholegrainsintake(g/day)DownloadthisgraphAddtochartbuilderAddtocustomPDFDiabetesprevalenceAdults,2019Age:20-79References:ReproducedwithkindpermissionInternationalDiabetesFederation. IDFDiabetesAtlas,9thedn.Brussels,Belgium:2019.Availableat:https://www.diabetesatlas.orgDefinitions:Diabetesage-adjustedcomparativeprevalence(%).DownloadthisgraphAddtochartbuilderAddtocustomPDFHealthsystemsEconomicclassification:HighIncomeHealthsystemssummaryTaiwanhasauniversalnationalhealthinsuranceprogrammethatismandatoryforallitscitizens(andforinternationalsresidinginTaiwanforlongerthansixmonths).Thissingle-payer,compulsorysocialinsurancecoversmostofthepopulation-99.9%ofthepopulationin2016-andismostlyfinancedthroughpayroll-basedpremiums.Therestofthefundingcomesfromgovernmentfundingandoutofpocketpayments.Privatehealthinsurancedoesnottendtocoverservicesprovidedbythepublichealthinsuranceandthereforedoesnotensurefasteraccesstoservicesandspecialists.Overall,outofpocketexpenditureisestimatedtobeapproximately26%oftotalfinancing.IndicatorsWhereisthecountry’sgovernmentinthejourneytowardsdefining‘Obesityasadisease’?SomeprogressWhereisthecountry’shealthcareproviderinthejourneytowardsdefining‘Obesityasadisease’?SomeprogressIstherespecialisttrainingavailablededicatedtothetrainingofhealthprofessionalstoprevent,diagnose,treatandmanageobesity?SomeprogressHaveanytaxesorsubsidiesbeenputinplacetoprotect/assist/informthepopulationaroundobesity?NoArethereadequatenumbersoftrainedhealthprofessionalsinspecialtiesrelevanttoobesityinurbanareas?SomeprogressArethereadequatenumbersoftrainedhealthprofessionalsinspecialtiesrelevanttoobesityinruralareas?NoArethereanyobesity-specificrecommendationsorguidelinespublishedforadults?YesArethereanyobesity-specificrecommendationsorguidelinespublishedforchildren?YesInpractice,howisobesitytreatmentlargelyfunded?OutofpocketPerceivedbarrierstotreatmentHighcostofoutofpocketpaymentsObesitynotrecognisedasadiseaseLackof(orfailuretofollow)treatmentguidelines/pathwaysSummaryofstakeholderfeedbackStakeholderspraisedTaiwan’suniversalhealthinsurancesystemthatcoversnearlyallofitspopulation.Itwassaidthatpeoplecangenerallyenterthehealthsystemfreely,butforobesitytherewasdisagreementbetweenstakeholdersaboutwhenonewithobesitywouldbepickedupbythesystem.ResponsesrangedfromwhenpeoplehadaBMI>27kg/m²to>40kg/m²andonepointedoutthatpatientsweremorelikelytoseektreatmentiftheyhadhighereducationand/orahigherincome.StakeholdersreportedthatTaiwan’snationalhealthinsurancegenerallydoesnotpayforthemedicalmanagementofobesity.Consequently,obesitytreatmentislargelycoveredbyout-of-pocketexpenditure.Thisreflectsthepoorinvestmentintoobesity,withobesitymanagementonlyjuststartingtoberecognisedinthehealthsystem.ItwassaidthatthenationalhealthinsuranceonlycoveredthetreatmentofsevereobesitywithbariatricsurgerywhenBMIwas>40kg/m²orbetween35-39.9kg/m²withcomorbidities.Asaresult,mostpatientslivingwithobesityarenotadequatelytreated.Itwasreportedthatpeopletendedtoleavethesystembecauseofthislimitedcoverageorbecausetheywerenotreferredontospecialisttreatment.Thestakeholdersnotedthatthereareclinicalguidelinesforthepreventionandmanagementofobesityinbothadultsandchildren.However,thesearenotwellimplementedyetandthereisaneedtoeducatemorehealthprofessionalsandprovidersaboutobesity.Trainingforhealthprofessionalswasconsideredlimited,withtherebeingalackofsuitablyqualifiedprofessionalsinbothurbanandruralareas.Stakeholdersspecificallyreportedalackofpsychiatristsandpsychologists.Basedoninterviews/surveyreturnsfrom3stakeholdersLastupdated:June2020DownloadthisinformationasaPDFPolicies,InterventionsandActionsAllagegroupsAdultsAdultsandchildrenChildrenAllcategoriesDietaryGuidelineTaiwanArticleinTaiwaneseYear(s):2016(ongoing)Targetagegroup:AdultsandchildrenOrganisation:HealthPromotionAdministration MinistryofHealthandWelfareLinked document:DownloadlinkeddocumentReferences:DietaryGuidelinesTaiwan.HealthPromotionAdministration.MinistryofHealthandWelfare(2016)Noactionscouldbefoundfortheabovecriteria. Feedback Areyoufindingtheinformationonthesepagesuseful?YesNoN/A ThankyouforfeedingbacktoWorldObesity.Ifyouhaveanyfurtherfeedbackorsuggestionspleaseemailusatobesity@worldobesity.org. Close