Safety Circuit Examples of Safety Components | Technical Guide

These circuits are made up of electric interlocking mechanisms that incorporate protective door and safety switches. ... Category 3: Main Safety Functions. Pagetop page-top Omronusescookiestoimproveyourexperienceonthiswebsite.Bycontinuingtousethewebsite,youherebyagreetoourPrivacyandCookiePolicy✕ Australia    Contact Login/Signup global-navigation Home Products ProductInformation SelectionGuide Solutions Service&Support AutomationCentre(ATC) DownloadCentre CustomerService RepairService Training TechnicalGuide FAQs StandardsCertification AboutUs CorporateInformation CorporatePhilosophy NewsCenter Careers Search ProductReplacement StockAvailability RoHSProduct SalesNetwork Home > Service&Support > TechnicalGuide > SafetyComponents LeadContents SafetyComponents Thispartprovidescontrolcircuit(safetycircuit)examplesgroupedbycategory.Thesecircuitsaremadeupofelectricinterlockingmechanismsthatincorporateprotectivedoorandsafetyswitches. Overview SafetyRequirements SafetyFunctions SafetyComponents SafetyCircuitExample CircuitDiagrams RelatedContents RelatedContents SafetyComponents Products Applications PrimaryContents 1.ExamplesofControlCircuitsbySafetyCategory 2.DescriptionofSafetyComponent-relatedStandards 3.Terminology SafetyCircuitExamples 1.ExamplesofControlCircuitsbySafetyCategory Thispartprovidescontrolcircuit(safetycircuit)examplesgroupedbycategory.Thesecircuitsaremadeupofelectricinterlockingmechanismsthatincorporateprotectivedoorandsafetyswitches. Note1: Theseinterlockmechanismsareonlypartofthesafetysystemsofmachines.Anappropriatesystemsuitabletothesafetyoftheoverallmachinemustbedesigned,selected,andconstructedafterevaluatingtherisksintheworkenvironmentaswellashazardousconditions,suchasthefrequencyofaccesstohazardousareasandthetimerequiredtoensurethehazardhasbeenremoved. Note2: CircuitExamples SafetyComponentsThesafetycomponentsthatareusedinthesecircuitexamplesareequippedwithfunctionssuchasadirectopeningmechanismforswitchesandaforciblyguidedmechanismforrelays,asrequiredbystandards.Thesefunctionsaredesignedtooperatecorrectlywithinthecontrolsysteminwhichtheyareused.Acontrolsystemcannotbeconstructedusingonlythesafetycomponents. SafetyCategory (1)CategoryBappliesbasicsafetyrules,suchasthoseregardingtheenvironmentthatarecommontoothercategories,anditdoesnotapplytointerlockingdevicesthatuseordinarysafetyguards(safetydoors). (2)Inthesimplecircuitexamplesofcategories1to4,thesafetyfunctionsrequiredforeachcategoryareincludedtoshowcircuitconcepts.Whendesigningasafety-relatedcontrolsystemusingsafetycomponents,refertoCircuitDiagrams. (1)SafetyCategory1 ●CircuitwithaSingleLimitSwitch ExamplesofApplicableControlParts SW1:Safetylimitswitch(directopeningmechanism)K1:RelayKM1:Magneticcontactor Category1:MainSafetyFunctions FullyProvenPartsandSafetyPrinciples1.Basicsafetycircuitconfigurationforgroundfaults2.Controlcircuitforcedopeneddirectlybyasafetyswitchinpositiveoperation.(SW1)3.UseofpartssuchasswitchesandrelaysthatconformtoENandotherstandards. (2)SafetyCategory2 ●CircuitwithaSingleLimitSwitch ExamplesofApplicableControlParts SW1:Safetylimitswitch(directopeningmechanism)S1:ResetswitchK1andK2:SafetyrelaysKM1:Magneticcontactor Category2:MainSafetyFunctions (Refertosafetycategory1.)1.Monitorsoperationatanappropriateintervalusingacontrolsystem.2.Monitorscontactweldingusingsafetyrelays. Note:Safetyfunctionswillbelostbyasinglefailure,suchasashort-circuitfailureintheinputwiring. (3)SafetyCategory3 ●CircuitwithtwoLimitSwitches ExamplesofApplicableControlParts SW1:Safetylimitswitch(directopeningmechanism)SW2:LimitswitchS1:ResetswitchK1,K2,andK3:SafetyrelaysKM1andKM2:Magneticcontactors Category3:MainSafetyFunctions (Refertosafetycategory1.) 1.Inputredundancyusingswitches:ImprovesreliabilitywithduplicateinputusingsafetyswitchSW1inpositiveoperationconnectedinparallelwithsafetyswitchSW2innegativeoperation. 2.Circuitredundancyusingrelays:ImprovesreliabilitywithduplicaterelaycoiloperatingcircuitsK1andK2connectedinparallel. 3.Outputredundancyusingrelays:ImprovesreliabilitywithduplicateinterfacerelayunitoutputcircuitsKM1andKM2connectedinparallel. Thisautomaticallychecksallrelaycontactsforfaultsviathesafetycircuitinterfacerelayanditpreventsthestartofoperationifanyfaultsarefound.(K3) 1.Contactwelding:DetectswhetherthecontactsofinterfacerelaysK1andK2areweldedshut,andturnsOFFthecoilpowersupplyformagneticcontactorsKM1andKM2ifweldinghasoccurred.(K3) 2.Safetydoor:MonitorswhetherthesafetydoorsareopenorclosedviasafetyswitchSW1inpositiveoperationandsafetyswitchSW2innegativeoperation. ReducescommonfaultsbycombiningsafetyswitchSW1inpositiveoperationwithsafetyswitchSW2innegativeoperation. (4)SafetyCategory4 ●CircuitwithaElectromagnetic-lockingSafetyDoorSwitchandaLimitSwitch ExamplesofApplicableControlParts SW1:Electromagneticlocksafetydoorswitch(directopeningmechanism)SW2:LockmonitoringswitchSW3:Safetylimitswitch(directopeningmechanism)S1:ResetswitchK1,K2,K3:SafetyrelaysKM1,KM2:Magneticcontactors Category4:MainSafetyFunctions (1,2,and3:Refertosafetycategory1.) 4.Fail-safedesignkeepsthesafetydoorlockedwhenpowerfails. 5.Foolproofdesignpreventsincorrectoperation. 1.Inputredundancyusingswitches:Two-channelinputwithlimitswitchesSW1andSW3inpositiveoperation. 2.Circuitredundancyusingrelays:ImprovesreliabilitywithduplicaterelaycoiloperatingcircuitsK1andK2. 3.Outputredundancyusingrelays:ImprovesreliabilitywithduplicateinterfacerelayunitoutputcircuitsKM1andKM2connectedinparallel. 4.Feedbackcircuit:Improvesreliabilitybyfeedingbacktheseries-connectednormallyclosedcontactsofinterfacerelayunitoutputcircuitsKM1andKM2totheinterfacerelayunit. ReducescommonfaultsbycombiningsafetyswitchSW1inpositiveoperationwithsafetyswitchSW3innegativeoperation.Generatesanelectricalpotentialbetweeneachchannelwithatwo-channelinput. Thisautomaticallychecksallrelaycontactsforfaultsviathesafetycircuitinterfacerelayanditpreventsthestartofoperationifanyfaultsarefound.(K3)Themagneticcontactorwillmaintainagapinnormallyclosedcontactsofatleast0.5mmevenifnormallyopencontactsareweldedshut. 1.Contactwelding:DetectswhetherthecontactsofinterfacerelaysK1andK2aswellasmagnetcontactorsKM1andKM2areweldedshut,andturnsOFFthecoilpowersupplyformagnetcontactorsKM1andKM2ifweldinghasoccurred.(K3) 2.Safetydoor:MonitorswhetherthesafetydoorsareopenorclosedviasafetyswitchesSW1andSW3,andwhethertheyarelockedviasafetyswitchSW2. Note:ConstructthecircuitsothatoperatinglockreleaseswitchSrrequiresanANDconditionfortheperfectrotationstopsignal. Topofpage 2.DescriptionofSafetyComponent-relatedStandards Theinternationalstandardsaredescribedbelow,alongwiththeEuropeanENnumberandthenewJISnumberforeachsetofstandards. (1)GeneralStandards ISO12100-1 Basicconcepts,generalprinciplesfordesignPart1:Basicterminology,methodologyENstandards:ENISO12100-1JISstandards:JISB9700-1 ●Description Thispartofthesestandardsdefinesthebasicconceptsofmachinerysafetyandstipulatessafetydesignprocedures. ●MainPoints (1)Machineryhazardsareclassifiedasfollows:Mechanicalhazards,electricalhazards,thermalhazards,hazardsgeneratedbynoise,hazardsgeneratedbyvibrations,hazardsgeneratedbyradiation,hazardsgeneratedbymaterialsandsubstances,andhazardsgeneratedbyneglectingergonomicprinciplesinmachinedesign. (2)Identifytheprecedinghazardsandapplysafetydesignprocedurestoreducerisks.Step1:Specifytheoperatingrangeofthemachine.Step2:Identifythehazardsandassesstherisks.Step3:Removehazardsandreducerisksasmuchaspossible.Step4:Designguards,safetyequipment,andothersafeguardsagainstanyresidualrisks.Step5:Informandwarnusersaboutanyresidualrisks. ISO12100-2 Basicconcept,generalprinciplesfordesignPart2:TechnicalprinciplesandspecificationsENstandards:ENISO12100-2JISstandards:JISB9700-2 ●Description Thispartofthesestandardsdescribesthesafetydesignproceduresstipulatedinpart1ingreaterdetail. ●MainPoints Thispartofthesestandardstakesstep3(Removehazardsandreducerisksasmuchaspossible.),step4(Designguards,safetyequipmentandothersafeguardsagainstanyresidualrisks.),andstep5(Informandwarnusersaboutanyresidualrisks.)giveninpart1anddescribesthemingreaterdetail. ISO14121 PrincipleofriskassessmentENstandards:ENISO14121JISstandards:JISB9702 ●Description ThesestandardspertaintoriskassessmentinthesafetydesignproceduresdescribedinISO12100-1. ●MainPoints Assessriskisperformedusingthefollowingsystematicmethodology: A)Determinehowthemachinerywillbeused. B)Checkforeseeablehazards. C)Identifyriskelementsbasedonhazardousevents. D)Assesstheriskanddesignaccordinglytoreducetherisk. ISO13849-1 Safety-relatedpartsofcontrolsystemsPart1:GeneralprinciplesfordesignENstandards:ENISO13849-1(EN954-1)JISstandards:JISB9705-1 ●Description Thesestandardsapplytocontrolsystemswheresafetyisaconcern. ●MainPoints (1)Thesestandardsconsidertheanticipateddegreeofinjury(lighttoserious)andtheprobabilityofinjury(raretocommon)indeterminingthehazardlevelofmachinery. (2)Thesestandardsclassifyhazardlevelsinfivesafetycategoriesandstipulatessafetyfunctionsthatcontrolsystemsshouldhaveineverycategory. ISO13849-2 Safety-relatedpartsofcontrolsystemsPart2:ValidationENstandards:ENISO13849-2 ●Description RegardingtheverificationoftheapplicabilityofclaimsinrelationtoISO13849-1(EN954-1)categories. ●MainPoints Inordertoverifyapplicabilitytothecategoryclaims,thefollowingshouldbespecified: (1)Guidelinesforvaliditytestingandinspections (2)Generalconsiderationsattimeofdesign (3)Listoffailuresandfailureexclusioncriteria (4)TestandTestresultsorreport IEC60204-1 ElectricalequipmentofmachinesPart1:SpecificationforgeneralrequirementsENstandards:EN60204-1JISstandards:JISB9960-1 ●Description Thispartofthesestandardsappliestoelectricalequipmentwitharatedpowersupplyvoltageoflessthan1,000VACor1,500VDCbetweenlinesoraratedfrequencyoflessthan200Hz. ●MainPoints Thispartofthesestandardsstipulatesallelementsrequiredinelectricalequipmentformachinesincludingthecontrolcircuits,functions,devices,safetymeasures,andtechnicaldocumentsrelatedtotheinstallation,operation,andmaintenanceofelectricalandelectronicequipmentinmachines. IEC61310-1 Indication,markingandactuationPart1:Requirementsforvisual,auditoryandtactilesignalsENstandards:EN61310-1JISstandards:JISB9706-1 ●Description Thisstandardsetsoutspecificrequirementsregardingvisual,audioandtactilemethodsforprovidingsafetyrelatedinformationtooperatorsandthosethatmaybeplacedindangeroussituations. ●MainPoints (1)Separatesignalsintopassiveandactive (2)Visualspectrum,brightness,andcontrastratio (3)Meaningofcolorsandtheshapeofmarkings,andexamplesofformsthatcanbediscernedbytouchalone (4)Operatingswitchsymbols (5)Shape,coloranddimensionsofsafetymarkings(Prohibitions,warnings,informationetc.) IEC61310-2 Indication,markingandactuationPart2:RequirementsformarkingENstandards:EN61310-2JISstandards:JISB9706-2 ●Description Thisstandardsetsouttheidentificationofmachines,andmarkingstoensuresafeuseandthereductionofdangerfromincorrectconnections. ●MainPoints (1)Regulationsregardingmanufacturerinformation(manufacturername,addressetc.),andratinginformation(powersupplyrange,maximumspeedetc.) (2)RegulationsregardingnecessarymarkingssuchasforAC,DCandgroundingetc. IEC61310-3 Indication,markingandactuationPart3:RequirementsforthelocationandoperationofactuatorsENstandards:EN61310-3JISstandards:JISB9706-3 ●Description Specifiessafetyissuesforactuatorsthatareoperatedbyhandorbyhumancontrol. ●MainPoints (1)Setupawayfromdangers,andavoidambiguousoperations.Also,besurethatoperationdoesnotcreatealternativerisks. (2)Designtoincreasetheclockwiserotationofhandlesandliftingactionforlevers,sothattheoperatorisbetterawareoftheresultingoperation. (3)Two-handedoperatingcontrolsandenablingdeviceswherenecessary. IEC62061 Functionalsafetyofsafety-relatedelectrical,electronicandprogrammableelectroniccontrolsystemsENstandards:EN62061JISstandards:JISB9961 ●Description ThisstandardspecifiesthosemattersapplicabletothemachineryportionoftheindustryasincludedintheIEC61508SeriesFunctionalSafetyStandards.Thisstandardappliestothedesignandverificationofsafetyrelatedcontrolsystemsthatuseelectric,electronic,orprogrammableelectroniccontrolsystems. ●MainPoints Standards,includingthefollowing,fortheallotmentofSIL(SafetyIntegrityLevel)andinordertoachievetheallottedSIL,forsafetyfunctionsperformedbysafetycontrolsystems. (1)Functionalsafetymanagement (2)Createspecificationsforsafetycontrols (3)Controlsystemdesign (4)Userinformation(Manual) (5)CheckValidity (2)StandardsforSafetySwitches ISO14119 Interlockingdevicesassociatedwithguards-PrinciplesfordesignandselectionENstandards:EN1088JISstandards:JISB9710 ●Description Thesestandardsstipulategeneraldesignandselectionprinciplesforequipmentthatusesinterlockingdevicesforsafety. ●MainPoints (1)Therearetwotypesofinterlockingdevices:thosewithandthosewithoutaguardlock. (2)Theguardmustnotallowmachinerytooperateuntilitisclosedanditsendsastopcommandifitisopen. IEC60947-5-1 Low-voltageswitchgearandcontrolgearPart5:ControlcircuitdevicesandswitchingelementsSectionone-ElectromechanicalcontrolcircuitdevicesENstandards:EN60947-5-1JISstandards:JISC8201-5-1 ●Description Thispartofthesestandardsappliestocontrolcircuitdevicesandswitchingelementsthatareproducedtocontrol,signal,andinterlockswitchingandcontroldevices.Itappliestocontrolcircuitswithamaximumratedvoltageof600VDCor1,000VAC(amaximumfrequencyof1,000Hz). ●MainPoints (1)ThispartofthesestandardsconsistsofChapter1:GeneralRequirements,Chapter2:SpecialRequirementsforIndicators,andChapter3:SpecialRequirementsforPositiveOpening. (2)Itcontainsprovisionssuchasswitchingcapacity,temperaturerise,terminalstrength,protectivestructures,andpositiveopening. IEC60947-5-8 Low-voltageswitchgearandcontrolgear.Part5-8:Controlcircuitdevicesandswitchingelements.Three-positionenablingswitchesENstandards:EN60947-5-8 ●Description AnIEC60947-5Seriesstandardthatstipulates3-positionenablingswitches,forenabledevicesundertheIEN60204-1standard.Thisdoesnotapplytodevicesthatemployteachingpendantsorgripswitchesetc.,butonlytothosedeviceswithbuilt-inenableswitches. ●MainPoints (1)Stipulateselectricalpropertiessuchaswithstandvoltageandinsulation,andoperatingcharacteristicsforoperatingstrokeandloadetc. (2)The3-positionenablingswitchverificationmarkhasbeenchanged. ISO13851 Two-handcontroldevices,functionalaspect-PrinciplefordesignENstandards:EN574JISstandards:JISB9712 ●Description Thesestandardsstipulatesafetyrequirementsrelatedtothedesignandselectionoftwo-handcontroldevices. ●MainPoints (1)Stipulatesdimensionsforpreventionofdefect. (2)Outputsignalshallbedesignatedonlywhenbothcontrolactuatingdevicesareactuatedlessthanorequalto0.5s. (3)Classifydevicesbytype(typeI,II,IIIA,IIIBandIIIC)andriskassessmentresultsasthebasisforselectingdevices. GS-ET-15 Basicrequirementsfortestingofpositionswitcheswithpositiveopeningcontactsforsafetyapplications ●Description TheseareGermanlaborsafetystandardsthatwereenactedtopreventindustrialaccidents.Theyapplytotestingonpositiveopeningpositiondetectorswitchesthatareinstalledforsafety. ●MainPoints (1)Limitanddoorswitchesareclassifiedintwocategoriesaccordingtofunction. (2)Theswitchesmusthaveapositiveopeningmechanism,amechanicalservicelifeof1,000,000operations,andanenclosureratingofIP54,andmustnotoperatewithanytoolexceptaspecialoperationkey. GS-ET-19 Basicrequirementsfortestingandcertificationoflockingsystemswithelectro-magneticlockingunitforsafetyapplications ●Description ThesearealsoGermanlaborsafetystandards.Theyapplyonlytodevicesthathavealockmonitoringmechanismindoorswitchesthatuseakeylockforsafety. ●MainPoints (1)Theswitchesmustuseamechanismlikeasolenoidforlockingandunlocking. (2)Theymusthavealockingstrengthandpositiveopeningmechanism,amechanicalservicelifeof1,000,000operations,andanenclosureratingofIP54,andmustnotoperatewithatoolotherthanaspecialoperationkey. (3)StandardsforEmergencyStopDevice ISO13850 Emergencystopequipment,functionalaspects-PrinciplesfordesignENstandards:EN418JISstandards:JISB9703 ●Description Thesestandardsstipulateprinciplesusedtodesignemergencystopdevices. ●MainPoints (1)Devicesmusthaveapositiveopeningmechanism. (2)Devicesmusthavealatchingmechanism. (3)Theoperativepartsmustbestructuredtoalloweasyaccesstothemushroom-shapedpushbuttons,wires,andropes. (4)Theoperativepartsmustberedonayellowbackground. (4)StandardsforSafetySensors IEC61496-1 Electro-sensitiveprotectiveequipmentPart1:GeneralrequirementsandtestsENstandards:EN61496-1JISstandards:JISB9704-1 ●Description Thesestandardsapplytodevices,suchassafetysensors/safetylightcurtains,thatdetectthepresenceofworkerselectricallyandoutputacontrolsignalfortheirprotection.Theystipulateitemslikefaultdetectionperformance,softwaredesignpolicy,heatresistanceperformance,EMCperformance,vibrationandshockperformance,indicatorcolors,labelingdetails,andthecontentofoperatingmanuals. ●MainPoints (1)Electro-sensitiveprotectiveequipment(ESPE)isclassifiedaseithertype4,whichcomplieswithcategory4requirementsinEN954-1,ortype2,whichcomplieswithcategory2requirementsinthatsamestandard. (2)Theprovisionsinthesestandardsstipulatethatequipmentdisplaysthefaultmodeforelectroniccomponentsintheequipmentandtheydemonstratethatsafetycharacteristicsforthetypeofequipmentaremaintainedinallfaultmodes. IEC61496-2 Electro-sensitiveprotectiveequipmentPart2:Particularrequirementsforequipmentusingactiveopto-electronicdevicesENstandards:EN61496-2JISstandards:JISB9704-2 ●Description ThispartofthesestandardsappliestothetypeofESPEprotectiveequipmentthatinprincipledetectemittedorreceivedlight.Theystipulateitemssuchasdetectionperformancefortheminimumsizeobjectdetected,effectiveapertureangle,extraneouslightresistanceperformance,andmutualinterferenceresistanceperformance. ●MainPoints (1)Directionalanglesarestipulatedseparatelyfortype4andtype2accordingtothedistancebetweentheemitterandreceiver. (2)Conditionsthatmaintainordinaryoperationandconditionsthatpermitincorrectoperationsafelyarestipulatedforallextraneouslightsources. IEC61496-3 Electro-sensitiveprotectiveequipmentPart3:ParticularrequirementsforActiveOptoelectronicProtectiveDevicesresponsivetoDiffuseReflectionENstandards:EN61496-3JISstandards:JISB9704-3 ●Description Thispartofthesestandardsappliestoelectro-sensitiveprotectiveequipmentthatdiffuseorreflectlight.Theystipulateitemssuchasdetectionperformanceforthedetectionrange,allowableerrors,responsetime,detectioncapacity,resistancetoextraneouslight,andreflectivedetectioncapabilityaswellastheinfluenceofbackgroundinterference. ●MainPoints (1)OnlystipulatedforType3.(notspecifiedfortypes1,2and4) (2)Conditionsthatmaintainordinaryoperationandconditionsthatpermitincorrectoperationsafelyarestipulatedforallextraneouslightsources. ISO13855 ThepositioningofprotectiveequipmentinrespectofapproachspeedsofpartsofthehumanbodyENstandards:EN999JISstandards:JISB9715 ●Description Thesestandardsstipulatetheminimumdistancethatmustbeprovidedbetweenhazardouspartsofmachineryandprotectiveequipment.Referredtoasthesafedistance,thisdistanceiscalculatedfromtheworkerentrydirection,protectiveequipmentresponsetime,machineresponsetime,andminimumobjectsizedetectablebytheprotectiveequipment. ●MainPoints (1)Thesestandardsapplywhenindividualmachinestandardsdonotprescribethemethodusedtocalculatesafedistance. (2)Protectiveequipmentmustbeselectedwithadetectionperformancelevelcapableofmaintainingasafedistancesomachinescanbestoppedbeforetheyposeahazardtoworkers. (5)StandardsforSafetyRelays EN50205 Relaywithforciblyguided(linked)contacts ●Description Thesestandardsapplytocontrolcircuitrelaysthatareinstalledforsafetyanditsprovisionsareforself-monitoringrelaysthathaveaforcedguidedmechanismthatpreventsnormallyopenandclosedcontactsfromoperatingsimultaneously. ●MainPoints (1)Ifanormallyopencontactofarelaywithforciblyguided(linked)contactisweldedshut,thecoilswitchesOFFandallnormallyclosedcontactsmustmaintainagapofatleast0.5mm.Evenifanormallyclosedcontactisweldedshut,thecoilswitchesONandallnormallyopencontactsmustmaintainagapofatleast0.5mm. (2)Ideally,contactloadswitchingmustcomplywiththeAC-15(ACelectromagneticload)andDC-13(DCelectromagneticload)utilizationcategories. (3)TheforcedguidecontactmarkmaybeusedonallclassArelays(allrelayswithforciblyguided(linked)contacts). Topofpage 3.Terminology (1)GeneralTerminology ●PollutionDegree(IEC60664-1) Pollutiondegreeisthemostimportantfactorindecidingclearances(determinedbythepollutiondegreeandovervoltagecategories)aswellascreepage(determinedbythepollutiondegreeandCTIvalue),anditisclassifiedintofourdegreesdependingontheairpollutionoftheequipmentused. Pollutiondegree1Thereisnopollutantoronlyadry,non-conductivepollutantthathasnoeffectoncomponents.Pollutiondegree1ispossibleincleanroomsorotherplaceswithcleanair.Pollutiondegree2Thereisonlyanon-conductivepollutant.Thenon-conductivepollutantmaybeconductiveonoccasionsduetounexpectedcondensation.Pollutiondegree2isnormalforelectricproductsthatareusedinsidecontrolpanels,electrichouseholdappliances,andbusinessequipment.Pollutiondegree3Thereisaconductivepollutantoradry,non-conductivepollutantthatbecomesconductiveduetoexpectedcondensation.Pollutiondegree3isnormalinordinaryfactories.Pollutiondegree4Thereisapollutantthatiscontinuouslyconductiveduetothepresenceofconductivedust,rainfall,orsnowfall.Pollutiondegree4isnormalforoutdoorareas. ●OvervoltageCategory(IEC60664) TheovervoltagecategoryclassifiesovervoltagesintocategoriesI,II,IIIandIVdependingonwhethertheratedvoltageistheratedimpulsevoltageortheratedvoltageoftheequipmentasshowninthetablebelow.Ratedimpulsevoltagelevelsaresetindividuallywithrespecttotheratedvoltagesasshowninthefigurebelow.Theovervoltagecategoryisoneofthefactorsthatdecidespacing(determinedbytheovervoltagecategoryandpollutiondegree). OvervoltagecategoryEquipmentdescriptionExampleIDevicesconnectedtocircuitswithmeasuresthatlimitexcessiveovervoltagetoalowlevel.ElectroniccircuitsprotectedfrompowersuppliesbyisolatingtransformersIIEnergy-savingequipmentsuppliedbyhard-wiredpowersupplyinstallations(i.e.,electricaloutlets)Dataprocessingequipment,portabletools,andelectrichouseholdappliancesIIIEquipmentinhard-wiredfacilitieswhereequipmentreliabilityandefficiencyareparticularlyimportantSwitchesinhard-wiredpowersupplyinstallationsandindustrialequipmentpermanentlyconnectedtohard-wiredpowersupplyinstallationsIVEquipmentusedinpowerreceivinginstallationsPrimarysideovercurrentprotectionequipment ●CTIValue(IEC60112)CTI(ComparativeTrackingIndex) MeasurementofCTIValue (ThevalueismeasuredusingmethodAfromtheCTI/PTIvaluemeasurementmethodsstipulatedinIEC60112.)TheCTIvalueofaninsulationmaterialisthemaximumpossiblevoltagethatdoesnotcausetrackingwhen50dropsof0.1%ammoniumchloridesolutionaredrippedontothematerialatarateof30secondsperdrop. MaterialsClassifiedwithCTIValueRange(IEC60664-1) GroupI:CTIvaluegreaterthan600GroupII:CTIvaluegreaterthan400butlessthan600GroupIIIa:CTIvaluegreaterthan175butlessthan400GroupIIIb:CTIvaluegreaterthan100butlessthan175StandardlimitswitchesusegroupIIIaorbetterinsulationmaterial ●PTIValue(IEC60112)PTI(ProofTrackingIndex) MaterialsthatconformtoCTIvaluesof175,250,300,375and500arecalledPTI-175,PTI-250,PTI-300,PTI-375andPTI-500respectively.IEC60335andIEC60065stipulatethatelectrichouseholdappliancesandconsumerelectronicappliancessuchasTVs,VTRsandradiosmustusePTI-175orPTI-250materials. (2)Switch/RelayTerminology ●RatedOperatingVoltage(Ue)(IEC60947-1) Theratedoperationalvoltage(Ue)ofequipmentisthevoltageappliedtoequipment,andiscombinedwiththeratedoperationalcurrent(Ie)asreferencesforutilizationcategories(i.e.,AC-15). ●RatedOperatingCurrent(Ie)(IEC60947-1) Theratedoperationalcurrent(Ie)isthecurrentappliedtoequipment. ●ConventionalFreeAirThermalCurrent(Ith)(IEC60947-1) Theconventionalfreeairthermalcurrent(Ith)isthemaximumtestcurrentusedbythemanufacturerfortemperature-risetestsonunenclosedproductsinfreeair. ●ConventionalEnclosedThermalCurrent(Ithe)(IEC60947-1) Theconventionalenclosedthermalcurrent(Ithe)isthetestcurrentstatedbythemanufacturertobeusedfortemperature-risetestsonproductsmountedinaspecifiedenclosure.Thevalueofthecurrentmustbegreaterthanthatoftheratedoperationalcurrent(Ie). ●RatedImpulseWithstandVoltage(Uimp)(IEC60947-1) Theratedimpulsewithstandvoltage(Uimp)isthepeakvalueforanimpulsevoltageofprescribedformwhichequipmentiscapableofwithstandingwithoutfailureandtowhichclearancevaluesarereferred. ●RatedInsulationVoltage(Ui)(IEC60947-1) Theratedinsulationvoltage(Ui)isthemaximumoperatingvoltagethatcanbewithstoodwithoutdamage.Itisthereferencevoltagefordielectricstrengthtestsandcreepagedistanceforinsulationmaterial.Themaximumvalueoftheratedinsulationvoltage(Ui)mustbegreaterthanthatoftheratedoperatingvoltage. ●SwitchingOvervoltage(IEC60947-1) Theswitchingovervoltageisthemaximumreversevoltagethatoccurswithloadswitching.Itmustneverexceedtheratedinputwithstandvoltage(Uimp). ●RatedConditionalShort-circuitCurrent(IEC60947-1) Theratedconditionalshort-circuitcurrentisthecurrentstatedbythemanufacturerthataproductcanwithstandprovidedtheproductisprotectedbyadevice(10-AfusemodelgIorgG/IEC60269fortheD4BL)thatisdesignatedbythemanufacturerunderconditionsspecifiedbyrelatedproductstandards. ●A600Ratings(IEC60947-1) A600isthecontactratingforautilizedcategorythatexpressesthefollowing: ●UtilizationCategoryforSwitchingCapacity(IEC60947-1) UtilizationCategoryforSwitchingElements(Classifiedbyswitchingpathandcurrent.) CurrentCategoryMainapplicationACAC-12Controlofresistiveloadsandsolid-stateloadswithphotocouplerisolation.AC-13Controlofsolid-stateloadswithtransformerisolation.AC-14Controlofsmallelectromagneticloads(≤72VAC).AC-15Controlofelectromagneticloads(>72VAC).DCDC-12Controlofresistiveloadsandsolid-stateloadswithphotocouplerisolation.DC-13Controlofelectromagneticloads.DC-14Controlofelectromagneticloadswitheconomicresistorsinthecircuit. ●SafetySwitchCategories AccordingtoGS-ET-15,safetyswitchesequippedwithpositiveopeningmechanismsareclassifiedincategory1or2accordingtofunctionaldifferences. Category1 Asafetyswitchfallsundercategory1iftheswitchmechanismandactuatorareofmonoblockconstructionphysicallyandfunctionally,andthesafetyfunctionisactivatedbyactuatoroperation. Category2 Asafetyswitchfallsundercategory2iftheswitchmechanismandactuatorarenotofmonoblockconstructionandthesafetyfunctionisactivatedwhentheactuatorisseparatedfromtheswitchmechanism. (3)SensorTerminology ●Type4(IEC61496-1) Type4safetydevicessatisfycategory4requirementsprescribedinEN954-1. ●Electro-sensitiveProtectiveEquipment(ESPE)(IEC61496-1) ESPEequipmentelectricallydetectspeopleandoutputsacontrolsignalfortheirprotection. ●ActiveOpto-electronicDevice(AOPD)(IEC61496-2) AOPDprotectivedevicesareelectro-sensitiveprotectivedevicesthatoperateontheprincipleofdetectionbyemittedandreceivedlight. ●ProtectiveHeight(IEC61496-2) Theprotectiveheightistherangewithinwhichobjectscanbedetected.Theheightisthelengthfromthefirstopticalbeamtothelastopticalbeam. ●ResponseTime(IEC61496-1) TheresponsetimeisthemaximumamountoftimeittakesfromthemomentsomeoneisdetectedinthedetectionzoneuntiltheoutputturnsOFF.ThetimeittakestoturnoutputONagainonceitgoesoffisalsolistedincatalogspecificationsmainlyforsystemdesign. ●MutingFunction(IEC61496-1) Themutingfunctiontemporarilydisablesthedetectionfunction.Inthatcase,theprotectiveequipmentremainsONregardlessofwhethersomeoneentersthedetectionzoneornot.F3SN-Amodelsdonothavethemutingfunction.ThemutingfunctioncanbeaddedbyconnectingtheF3SP-U2PMutingController.ThemutingfunctioncanalsobeaddedtotheF3SJ-AbymountingtheF39-CN6MutingCap. ●TestRodorTestPiece(IEC61496-2) Atestrodisanopaquerodequivalenttothesmallestdetectableobject.Itisanaccessorythatisusedtocheckthedetectionperformanceofareasensors. ●MinimumDistancefromtheDetectionZonetotheDangerZone(EN999) Thesafetyzoneistheminimumdistancethatmustbeallowedfromhazardouspartsofmachinerytotheprotectionequipment.ItisprescribedsothatmachinerywillturnOFFbeforesomeoneenteringthedetectionzoneoftheprotectionequipmentreacheshazardouspartsofthemachinery. ●LightBeamAxis(IEC61496-2) Theimaginallinethattopbeamandbottombeamoflightcurtainisconnected.ItisthereferencelinethatisusedtomeasuretheSafetydistancefromhazardouspartsofmachinerytothelightcurtain.TheaxisismarkedbythelightbeamaxislinemarkontheindicatorsectionofF3SN-Amodels. ●EffectiveApertureAngle(IEC61496-2) TheeffectiveapertureangleistheangletowhichareasensorsmustberotatedtoswitchtheoutputfromONtoOFF.Measurementscanbetakenintwodirectionswithlateralrotationaslongastherotationfollowstheaxisformedbythelightbeams. ●LockOut(IEC61496-1) AlockoutdisablesnormaloperationanditoccurswhentheoutputisforcedOFF.WhenF3SJ/F3SNcontroloutputremainsOFFbecauseself-diagnosisresultshavedeterminedthatoperationcannotberesumedasaresultofafault,thisiscalledalockout. (4)OtherTerminology(Markings) ●SafetySwitches ●SafetyRelays ●SafetyLightCurtains Emitter Receiver LocalNavigation TechnicalGuide SafetyComponents Top SiteInformation OMRONAsiaPacific OMRONCorporation CopyrightStatement Sitemap TermsandConditions PrivacyPolicy WarrantyandLimitation ©CopyrightOMRONCorporation2000.AllRightsReserved.