Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection 急性上呼吸道感染(英文)

Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection 急性上呼吸道感染(英文). 2021/2/2. Introduction. Upper respiratory tract infection (URI) is the most common acute ... 衛教單張 HealthEducation 首頁 衛教單張 AcuteUpperRespiratoryTractInfection急性上呼吸道感染(英文) 衛教資訊 衛教單張 衛教影片 衛教海報 衛教諮詢 正確用藥教育中心 衛教講座 衛教講座報名 爸媽教室 哺乳聚會 孕產課程 健康城市 中醫講座 正確用藥 AcuteUpperRespiratoryTractInfection急性上呼吸道感染(英文) 文章分享 首頁 分享至FaceBook 分享至Line Qrcode 列印 A- A+ AcuteUpperRespiratoryTractInfection急性上呼吸道感染(英文) 2021/2/2 Introduction Upperrespiratorytractinfection(URI)isthemostcommonacuteillnessinoutpatientsetting.URIsrangefromthecommoncold,typicallyamild,self-limited,catarrhalsyndromeofthenasopharynx,tolife-threateningillnessessuchasepiglottitis.VirusesaccountformostURIs.Bacterialprimaryinfectionorsuperinfectionmayrequiretargetedtherapy. Theupperrespiratorytractincludessinuses,nasalpassages,pharynx,andlarynx.Rhinitis,pharyngitis,sinusitis,tonsillitis,epiglottitis,andlaryngitisarespecificmanifestationsofURIs. InsomecasesofURIs,thediseasemayprogresstosevereconditionssuchasabscessformation,airwaycompromise,visualorneurologicabnormalfunction. Etiology Person-to-personspreadofvirusesaccountsformostURIs.PatientswithbacterialinfectionsmaypresentwithacombinationofaviralURI.Infectionbeginswiththecontactofsecretionsofpathogens,orbydirectlyinhalingrespiratorydropletsfromaninfectedperson’scoughingorsneezing. MostURIsareviralinorigin.TypicalviralagentsthatcauseURIsarerhinoviruses,coronaviruses,adenoviruses,andcoxsackieviruses. Symptoms ThecommonsymptomsofURIsincludelocalswelling,erythema,edema,secretions,andfever,resultedfromtheinflammatoryresponseoftheimmunesystem.Aninitialnasopharyngealinfectionmayspreadtoadjacentstructures,resultinginsinusitis,otitismedia,epiglottitis,laryngitis,tracheobronchitis,andpneumonia. Inflammatorynarrowingattheleveloftheepiglottisandlarynxmayresultinairwaycompromise,especiallyinchildren(criticalcondition).Beyondchildhood,laryngotrachealinflammationmayalsoposeseriousthreatstoindividualswithcongenitaloracquiredsubglotticstenosis.(Barkingcough,salivadrooling,voicechange,dyspneaandtachypnea) Examinations Detailedhistoryandsymptomdescriptionandcontacthistorywillhelpdoctorreachthediagnosisquickly.Physicalexaminationsincludedirectinspectionofnose,pharynx,larynx,andconjuctiva.Sometimesfiberscopefordetailedexaminationovernasopharynx,epiglottisandlarynxisnecessary. Asforimages,theX-rayfilmshelpusmakediagnosisofrhinosinusitis,supraglotticlaryngitis,subglotticstenosis,andpneumonia. Bloodanalysiscanprovidemoreinformationofdiseaseseverity,conditionofimmunityandotherinformationofgeneralcondition.Bloodculture,throatswabcultureorotherspecificspecimenculturewillhelpphysicianrealizetheexactpathogensandthemedicationsensitivity. Buttheimages,bloodanalysisandculturesarenotnecessaryforallpatients.MostURIscanbeeasilydiagnosedbyphysicianviadetailedhistory,symptoms,andphysicalexaminations. Treatment Sufficientrest Symptomaticmedications:suchasantitussive,antihistamine,mucolytic,decongestant,andantipyreticagents. Fluidsupplement:waterandelectrolytessupplement. Antibioticagents:inbacterialoratypicalpathogeninfection. Anti-inflammatorymedication NSAIDs:non-steroidanti-inflammatorydrugs. Steroid:mustuseunderphysician’sorders.Usuallyinsevereviralinfectionand/orairwaycompromise. Prevention Healthylifestylesuchashealthydiet,sufficientsleep,andregularexercise. Avoidstayinginnot-ventilatedpublicplace,ifmust,useamask. Frequenthandwashing 若有任何疑問，請不吝與我們聯絡 電話：(04)22052121分機3207 HE-84037-E 中國醫藥大學附設醫院暨體系院所 回上頁 Qrcode × } 為了您我們持續進步 對於本院有任何的疑問歡迎您將您的想法告訴我們，您的寶貴意見將成為我們繼續努力改進的動力，歡迎您寫信與我們聯絡。

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