C57BL/6 - Wikipedia

C57BL/6, often referred to as "C57 black 6", "C57" or "black 6", is a common inbred strain of laboratory mouse. It is the most widely used "genetic ... C57BL/6 FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch C57BL/6,female,22weeksofage C57BL/6,oftenreferredtoas"C57black6","C57"or"black6",isacommoninbredstrainoflaboratorymouse. Itisthemostwidelyused"geneticbackground"forgeneticallymodifiedmiceforuseasmodelsofhumandisease.Theyarethemostwidelyusedandbest-sellingmousestrain,duetotheavailabilityofcongenicstrains,easybreeding,androbustness.[1] Contents 1Origin 2Appearanceandbehavior 3Genetics 4Popularity 5References Origin[edit] TheinbredstrainofC57BLmicewascreatedin1921byC.C.LittleattheBusseyInstituteforResearchinAppliedBiology.[1]Thesubstrain"6"wasthemostpopularofthesurvivingsubstrains.Little'ssupervisorWilliamE.CastlehadobtainedthepredecessorstrainofC57BL/6,"mousenumber57",fromAbbieLathropwhowasbreedinginbredstrainsformammarytumorresearchincollaborationwithLeoLoebatthetime.[2] Appearanceandbehavior[edit] C57BL/6micehaveadarkbrown,nearlyblackcoat.TheyaremoresensitivetonoiseandodoursandaremorelikelytobitethanthemoredocilelaboratorystrainssuchasBALB/c.[3]Theyaregoodbreeders.[1] Group-housedB6malemicedisplaybarberingbehavior,inwhichthedominantmouseinacageselectivelyremoveshairfromitssubordinatecagemates.Micethathavebeenbarberedhavelargebaldpatchesontheirbodies,commonlyaroundthehead,snout,andshoulders,althoughbarberingmayappearanywhereonthebody.Bothhairandwhiskersmayberemoved.[4] C57BL/6hasmanyunusualcharacteristicsthatmakeitusefulforsomeworkandinappropriateforother:Itisunusuallysensitivetopainandtocold,andanalgesicmedicationsarelesseffectiveinit.[1][5]Unlikemostmousestrains,itdrinksalcoholicbeveragesvoluntarily.Itismoresusceptiblethanaveragetomorphineaddiction,atherosclerosis,[citationneeded]andage-relatedhearingloss.[6] Genetics[edit] TheC57BL/6mousewasthesecond-evermammalianspeciestohaveitsentiregenomepublished.[1] Thedarkcoatmakethemousestrainconvenientforcreatingtransgenicmice:itiscrossedwithalight-furred129mouse,andthedesirablecrossescanbeeasilyidentifiedbytheirmixedcoatcolors.[1] TherenowexistcoloniesofmicederivedfromtheoriginalC57BL/6colonythathavebeenbredinisolationfromoneanotherformanyhundredsofgenerations.Owingtogeneticdriftthesecoloniesdifferwidelyfromoneanother(and,itgoeswithoutsaying,fromtheoriginalmiceisolatedattheBusseyInstitute).Responsiblescientists,includingthoseataccreditedrepositories,arecarefultopointoutthisfactandtakepainstodistinguishsublinessuchasC57BL/6J(theestablishedsublineatTheJacksonLaboratory)fromC57BL/6N,etc.Butevenwithinthesesublines,thepotentialfordriftexistsincoloniesmaintainedbyindividuallaboratorieswhodonothaveasystematicpracticeofreestablishingbreedersfromacentralized,vettedstock. Popularity[edit] Byfarthemostpopularlaboratoryrodent,theC57BL/6mouseaccountsforhalftofive-sixthsofallrodentsshippedtoresearchlaboratoriesfromAmericansuppliers.[1]Itsoverwhelmingpopularityisduelargelytoinertia:ithasbeenwidelyusedandwidelystudied,andthereforeitisusedevenmore.[1] In1993thefirstC57BL/6genetargetedknockoutmousewaspublishedbyFrankKoentgen.[7] In2013C57BL/6micewereflownintospaceaboardBion-MNo.1.[8] In2015C57BL/6NTacfemalesprovidedbyTaconicBiosciencesweresenttotheInternationalSpaceStationonSpaceXCRS-6.[9] References[edit] ^abcdefghEngber,Daniel(17November2011)."TheTroubleWithBlack-6:Atinyalcoholictakesoverthelab".Slate.com. ^Steensma,DavidP.;Kyle,RobertA.;Shampo,MarcA.(November2010)."AbbieLathrop,the"MouseWomanofGranby":RodentFancierandAccidentalGeneticsPioneer".MayoClinicProceedings.85(11):e83.doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0647.PMC 2966381.PMID 21061734. ^Connor,A.B.(2006)."Aurora'sGuidetoMouseColonyManagement"(PDF).CellMigrationGateway.CMCActivityCenter.Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on23September2015.Retrieved19December2013. ^Sarna,JR;Dyck,RH;Whishaw,IQ(February2000)."TheDalilaeffect:C57BL6micebarberwhiskersbyplucking".BehaviouralBrainResearch.108(1):39–45.doi:10.1016/S0166-4328(99)00137-0.PMID 10680755. ^MogilJS,WilsonSG,BonK,et al.(March1999)."HeritabilityofnociceptionI:responsesof11inbredmousestrainson12measuresofnociception".Pain.80(1–2):67–82.doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(98)00197-3.PMID 10204719. ^Willott,JamesF.(April2013)."Audition".InCrusio,WimE.;Sluyter,Frans;Gerlai,RobertT.;Pietropaolo,Susanna(eds.).BehavioralGeneticsoftheMouse:GeneticsofBehavioralPhenotypes.CambridgeHandbooksinBehavioralGenetics.Cambridge,UnitedKingdom:CambridgeUniversityPress.pp. 36–44.ISBN 978-1-107-03481-5. ^Köntgen,F.;Süss,G.;Stewart,C.;Steinmetz,M.;Bluethmann,H.(5August1993)."TargeteddisruptionoftheMHCclassIIAageneinC57BL/6mice"(PDF).InternationalImmunology.5(8):957–964.doi:10.1093/intimm/5.8.957.ISSN 0953-8178.PMID 8398989. ^Zak,Anatoly."Bion(12KSM)satellite".RussianSpaceWeb.Retrieved19April2013. ^"LIFTOFF:FALCON9ANDDRAGONBEGINCRS-6MISSIONTORESUPPLYTHESPACESTATION".Retrieved14April2015. WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoInbredC57BLmice. vteAnimaltestingMainarticles Alternativestoanimaltesting Animaltestingoninvertebrates Animaltestingonfrogs Animaltestingonnon-humanprimates Animaltestingonrabbits Animaltestingonrodents Animaltestingregulations Experimentationonprisoners Historyofanimaltesting Historyofmodelorganisms IACUC Laboratoryanimalsources Painandsufferinginlaboratoryanimals Testingcosmeticsonanimals ThreeRs Toxicologytesting Testingon Frogs Invertebrates Primates Rabbits Rodents Syrianhamsters Issues Animalrights Animalwelfare Animals(ScientificProcedures)Act BiomedicalResearch Greataperesearchban Internationaltradeinprimates Laboratoryanimalallergy Painandsufferinginlaboratoryanimals Controversialexperiments Britches BrownDogaffair CambridgeUniversityprimates Pitofdespair SilverSpringmonkeys UnnecessaryFuss Companies CharlesRiverLaboratories,Inc. Covance Harlan HuntingdonLifeSciences LaboratoryanimalsuppliersintheUnitedKingdom Nafovanny Shamrock Groupsandcampaigns Anti-VivisectionCoalition AmericansforMedicalProgress AAAS AALAS ALF BoydGroup BUAV CenterforAlternativestoAnimalTesting DrHadwenTrust PETA ALF FoundationForBiomedicalResearch NationalAnti-VivisectionSociety NewEnglandAnti-VivisectionSociety PhysiciansCommitteeforResponsibleMedicine PrimateFreedomProject Pro-Test SHAC SPEAK SpeakingofResearch StopSequaniAnimalTesting ResearchDefenceSociety UnderstandingAnimalResearch Writersandactivists ColinBlakemore CarlCohen GillLangley IngridNewkirk NealBarnard JerryVlasak SimonFesting TipuAziz Legislation Animaltestingregulations AnimalExperimentationConvention1986(CouncilofEurope) Animals(ScientificProcedures)Act1986(UK) AnimalWelfareAct1999(NZ) AnimalWelfareActof1966(US) Directive2010/63/EU(EU) Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C57BL/6&oldid=1040416766" Categories:LaboratorymousestrainsSpace-flownlifeHiddencategories:AllarticleswithunsourcedstatementsArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromJune2014CommonscategorylinkisonWikidata Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English Views ReadEditViewhistory More Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommons Languages EestiEspañol한국어日本語SicilianuTiếngViệt中文 Editlinks