Greenwich Village is a neighborhood on the west side of Lower Manhattan in New York City, ... Greenwich Village is part of Manhattan Community District 2, ...
GreenwichVillage
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NeighborhoodofManhattaninNewYorkCity
ThisarticleisabouttheneighborhoodinManhattan,NewYorkCity.ForthevillageinupstateNewYork,seeGreenwich(village),NewYork.Forotherlocalitieswiththename"Greenwich",seeGreenwich(disambiguation).
NeighborhoodofManhattaninNewYorkCityGreenwichVillageNeighborhoodofManhattanLocationinNewYorkCityCoordinates:40°44′02″N74°00′07″W/40.734°N74.002°W/40.734;-74.002Coordinates:40°44′02″N74°00′07″W/40.734°N74.002°W/40.734;-74.002Country UnitedStatesState NewYorkCityNewYorkCityBoroughManhattanCommunityDistrictManhattan2[1]NamedforGroenwijck(GreenDistrict)Area[2] • Total0.75 km2(0.289 sq mi)Population[2] • Total22,785 • Density30,000/km2(79,000/sq mi)Demonym(s)VillagerEconomics[2] • Medianincome$119,728TimezoneUTC−5(Eastern) • Summer(DST)UTC−4(EDT)ZIPCodes10003,10011,10012,10014[2]Areacodes212,332,646,and917
GreenwichVillageHistoricDistrictU.S.NationalRegisterofHistoricPlacesU.S.HistoricdistrictNYCLandmark
453–461SixthAvenueintheHistoricDistrictShowmapofManhattanShowmapofNewYorkCityShowmapofNewYorkShowmapoftheUnitedStatesLocationBoundaries:north:W14thSt;south:HoustonSt;west:HudsonRiver;east:BroadwayCoordinates40°44′2″N74°0′4″W/40.73389°N74.00111°W/40.73389;-74.00111Architectural stylevariousNRHP reference No.79001604[3]SignificantdatesAddedtoNRHPJune19,1979Designated NYCLinitialdistrict:April29,1969extension:May2,2006secondextension:June22,2010
GreenwichVillage(/ˈɡrɛnɪtʃ/GREN-itch,/ˈɡrɪn-/GRIN-,/-ɪdʒ/-ij)[4]isaneighborhoodonthewestsideofLowerManhattaninNewYorkCity,boundedby14thStreettothenorth,Broadwaytotheeast,HoustonStreettothesouth,andtheHudsonRivertothewest.GreenwichVillagealsocontainsseveralsubsections,includingtheWestVillagewestofSeventhAvenueandtheMeatpackingDistrictinthenorthwestcornerofGreenwichVillage.
ItsnamecomesfromGroenwijck,Dutchfor"GreenDistrict".[5][a]Inthe20thcentury,GreenwichVillagewasknownasanartists'haven,thebohemiancapital,thecradleofthemodernLGBTmovement,andtheEastCoastbirthplaceofboththeBeatand'60scounterculturemovements.GreenwichVillagecontainsWashingtonSquarePark,aswellastwoofNewYorkCity'sprivatecolleges,NewYorkUniversity(NYU)andTheNewSchool.[7][8]
GreenwichVillageispartofManhattanCommunityDistrict2,andispatrolledbythe6thPrecinctoftheNewYorkCityPoliceDepartment.[1]GreenwichVillagehasundergoneextensivegentrificationandcommercialization;[9]thefourZIPCodesthatconstitutetheVillage–10011,10012,10003,and10014–wereallrankedamongthetenmostexpensiveintheUnitedStatesbymedianhousingpricein2014,accordingtoForbes,[10]withresidentialpropertysalepricesintheWestVillageneighborhoodtypicallyexceedingUS$2,100persquarefoot($23,000/m2)in2017.[11]
Contents
1Geography
1.1Boundaries
1.2Gridplan
1.3Politicalrepresentation
2History
2.1Earlyyears
2.2Reputationasurbanbohemia
2.3Postwar
2.4Preservation
2.4.1Rezonedareas
2.4.2NYUdispute
3Demographics
4Pointsofinterest
5Policeandcrime
6Firesafety
7Health
8PostofficesandZIPCodes
9Education
9.1Schools
9.2Libraries
10Transportation
11Notableresidents
12Inpopularculture
12.1Comics
12.2Film
12.3Games
12.4Literature
12.5Music
12.6Television
12.7Theater
13Seealso
14References
14.1Notes
14.2Citations
14.3Sources
15Externallinks
Geography[edit]
Boundaries[edit]
MacDougalStreetinGreenwichVillage
TheneighborhoodisborderedbyBroadwaytotheeast,theNorthRiver(partoftheHudsonRiver)tothewest,HoustonStreettothesouth,and14thStreettothenorth.ItisroughlycenteredonWashingtonSquareParkandNewYorkUniversity.TheneighborhoodssurroundingitaretheEastVillageandNoHototheeast,SoHoandHudsonSquaretothesouth,andChelseaandUnionSquaretothenorth.TheEastVillagewasformerlyconsideredpartoftheLowerEastSideandhasneverbeenconsideredapartofGreenwichVillage.[12]ThewesternpartofGreenwichVillageisknownastheWestVillage;thedividinglineofitseasternborderisdebatedbutcommonlycitedasSeventhAvenueorSixthAvenue.TheFarWestVillageisanothersub-neighborhoodofGreenwichVillagethatisborderedonitswestbytheHudsonRiverandonitseastbyHudsonStreet.[13]
Intotheearly20thcentury,GreenwichVillagewasdistinguishedfromtheupper-classneighborhoodofWashingtonSquare—basedonthemajorlandmarkofWashingtonSquarePark[14][15]orEmpireWard[16]inthe19thcentury.
EncyclopædiaBritannica's1956articleon"NewYork(City)"states(underthesubheading"GreenwichVillage")thatthesouthernborderoftheVillageisSpringStreet,reflectinganearlierunderstanding.Today,SpringStreetoverlapswiththemodern,newerSoHoneighborhooddesignation,whilethemodernEncyclopædiaBritannicacitesthesouthernborderasHoustonStreet.[17]
Gridplan[edit]
"CorneliaStreet"redirectshere.FortheTaylorSwiftsong,seeCorneliaStreet(song).
TheintersectionofWest4thandWest12thStreets
StreetsignsatintersectionofWest10thandWest4thStreets
AsGreenwichVillagewasoncearural,isolatedhamlettothenorthofthe17thcenturyEuropeansettlementonManhattanIsland,itsstreetlayoutismoreorganicthantheplannedgridpatternofthe19thcenturygridplan(basedontheCommissioners'Planof1811).GreenwichVillagewasallowedtokeepthe18thcenturystreetpatternofwhatisnowcalledtheWestVillage:areasthatwerealreadybuiltupwhentheplanwasimplemented,westofwhatisnowGreenwichAvenueandSixthAvenue,resultedinaneighborhoodwhosestreetsaredramaticallydifferent,inlayout,fromtheorderedstructureofthenewerpartsofManhattan.[18]
Manyoftheneighborhood'sstreetsarenarrowandsomecurveatoddangles.Thisisgenerallyregardedasaddingtoboththehistoriccharacterandcharmoftheneighborhood.Inaddition,asthemeanderingGreenwichStreetusedtobeontheHudsonRivershoreline,muchoftheneighborhoodwestofGreenwichStreetisonlandfill,butstillfollowstheolderstreetgrid.[18]WhenSixthandSeventhAvenueswerebuiltintheearly20thcentury,theywerebuiltdiagonallytotheexistingstreetplan,andmanyolder,smallerstreetshadtobedemolished.[18]
UnlikethestreetsofmostofManhattanaboveHoustonStreet,streetsintheVillagearetypicallynamedratherthannumbered.Whilesomeoftheformerlynamedstreets(includingFactory,HerringandAmityStreets)arenownumbered,theystilldonotalwaysconformtotheusualgridpatternwhentheyentertheneighborhood.[18]Forexample,West4thStreetrunseast–westacrossmostofManhattan,butrunsnorth–southinGreenwichVillage,causingittointersectwithWest10th,11th,and12thStreetsbeforeendingatWest13thStreet.[18]
AlargesectionofGreenwichVillage,madeupofmorethan50northernandwesternblocksintheareaupto14thStreet,ispartofaHistoricDistrictestablishedbytheNewYorkCityLandmarksPreservationCommission.TheDistrict'sconvolutedbordersrunnofarthersouththan4thStreetorSt.Luke'sPlace,andnofarthereastthanWashingtonSquareEastorUniversityPlace.[19]Redevelopmentinthatareaisseverelyrestricted,anddevelopersmustpreservethemainfaçadeandaestheticsofthebuildingsduringrenovation.
MostofthebuildingsofGreenwichVillagearemid-riseapartments,19thcenturyrowhouses,andtheoccasionalone-familywalk-up,asharpcontrasttothehigh-riselandscapeinMidtownandDowntownManhattan.
Politicalrepresentation[edit]
Politically,GreenwichVillageisinNewYork's10thcongressionaldistrict.[20][21]ItisalsointheNewYorkStateSenate's25thdistrict,[22][23]theNewYorkStateAssembly's66thdistrict,[24][25]andtheNewYorkCityCouncil's3rddistrict.[26]
History[edit]
Earlyyears[edit]
MapofoldGreenwichVillage.AsectionofBernardRatzer'smapofNewYorkanditssuburbs,madeca.1766forHenryMoore,royalgovernorofNewYork,whenGreenwichwasmorethan2miles(3km)fromthecity.
Inthe16thcentury,NativeAmericansreferredtoitsfarthestnorthwestcorner,bythecoveontheHudsonRiveratpresent-dayGansevoortStreet,asSapokanikan("tobaccofield").ThelandwasclearedandturnedintopasturebyDutchandfreedAfricansettlersinthe1630s,whonamedtheirsettlementNoortwyck(alsospelledNoortwijck,"Northdistrict",equivalentto‘Northwich/Northwick’).Inthe1630s,GovernorWoutervanTwillerfarmedtobaccoon200acres(0.81 km2)hereathis"FarmintheWoods".[27]TheEnglishconqueredtheDutchsettlementofNewNetherlandin1664,andGreenwichVillagedevelopedasahamletseparatefromthelargerNewYorkCitytothesouthonlandthatwouldeventuallybecometheFinancialDistrict.In1644,theelevenDutchAfricansettlerswerefreedafterthefirstBlacklegalprotestinAmerica.[b]AllreceivedparcelsoflandinwhatisnowGreenwichVillage,[28]inanareathatbecameknownastheLandoftheBlacks.
Theearliestknownreferencetothevillage'snameas"Greenwich"datesbackto1696,inthewillofYellisMandevilleofGreenwich;however,thevillagewasnotmentionedinthecityrecordsuntil1713.[29]SirPeterWarrenbeganaccumulatinglandin1731andbuiltaframehousecapaciousenoughtoholdasittingoftheAssemblywhensmallpoxrenderedthecitydangerousin1739.Hishouse,whichsurviveduntiltheCivilWarera,overlookedtheNorthRiverfromabluff;itssiteontheblockboundedbyPerryandCharlesStreets,BleeckerandWest4thStreets,[30]canstillberecognizedbyitsmid-19thcenturyrowhousesinsertedintoaneighborhoodstillretainingmanyhousesofthe1830–37boom.
From1797[31]until1829,[32]thebucolicvillageofGreenwichwasthelocationofNewYorkState'sfirstpenitentiary,NewgatePrison,ontheHudsonRiveratwhatisnowWest10thStreet,[31]neartheChristopherStreetpier.[33]ThebuildingwasdesignedbyJoseph-FrançoisMangin,whowouldlaterco-designNewYorkCityHall.[34]Althoughtheintentionofitsfirstwarden,QuakerprisonreformerThomasEddy,wastoprovidearationalandhumanitarianplaceforretributionandrehabilitation,theprisonsoonbecameanovercrowdedandpestilentplace,subjecttofrequentriotsbytheprisonerswhichdamagedthebuildingsandkilledsomeinmates.[31]By1821,theprison,designedfor432inmates,held817instead,anumbermadepossibleonlybythefrequentreleaseofprisoners,sometimesasmanyas50aday.[35]SincetheprisonwasnorthoftheNewYorkCityboundaryatthetime,beingsentencedtoNewgatebecameknownasbeing"sentuptheriver".ThistermbecamepopularizedonceprisonersstartedbeingsentencedtoSingSingPrison,inthetownofOssiningupstreamofNewYorkCity.[33]
TheoldesthouseremaininginGreenwichVillageistheIsaacs-HendricksHouse,at77BedfordStreet(built1799,muchalteredandenlarged1836,thirdstory1928).[36]WhentheChurchofSt.LukeintheFieldswasfoundedin1820,itstoodinfieldssouthoftheroad(nowChristopherStreet)thatledfromGreenwichLane(nowGreenwichAvenue)downtoalandingontheNorthRiver.In1822,ayellowfeverepidemicinNewYorkencouragedresidentstofleetothehealthierairofGreenwichVillage,andafterwardsmanystayed.ThefuturesiteofWashingtonSquarewasapotter'sfieldfrom1797to1823whenupto20,000ofNewYork'spoorwereburiedhere,andstillremain.ThehandsomeGreekrevivalrowhousesonthenorthsideofWashingtonSquarewerebuiltabout1832,establishingthefashionofWashingtonSquareandlowerFifthAvenuefordecadestocome.Wellintothe19thcentury,thedistrictofWashingtonSquarewasconsideredseparatefromGreenwichVillage.
Reputationasurbanbohemia[edit]
Furtherinformation:LGBTQcultureinNewYorkCity
GayStreetatthecornerofWaverlyPlace;thestreet'snamereferstoacolonialfamily,nottheLGBTcharacterofGreenwichVillage
GreenwichVillagehistoricallywasknownasanimportantlandmarkonthemapofAmericanbohemiancultureintheearlyandmid-20thcentury.Theneighborhoodwasknownforitscolorful,artisticresidentsandthealternativeculturetheypropagated.Dueinparttotheprogressiveattitudesofmanyofitsresidents,theVillagewasafocalpointofnewmovementsandideas,whetherpolitical,artistic,orcultural.Thistraditionasanenclaveofavant-gardeandalternativeculturewasestablishedduringthe19thcenturyandcontinuedintothe20thcentury,whensmallpresses,artgalleries,andexperimentaltheaterthrived.In1969,enragedmembersofthegaycommunity,insearchforequality,startedtheStonewallriots.TheStonewallInnwaslaterrecognizedasaNationalHistoricLandmarkforhavingbeenthelocationwherethegayrightsmovementoriginated.[37][38][39]
TheTenthStreetStudioBuildingwassituatedat51West10thStreetbetweenFifthandSixthAvenues.ThebuildingwascommissionedbyJamesBoormanJohnston[c]anddesignedbyRichardMorrisHunt.Itsinnovativedesignsoonrepresentedanationalarchitecturalprototype,andfeaturedadomedcentralgallery,fromwhichinterconnectedroomsradiated.Hunt'sstudiowithinthebuildinghousedthefirstarchitecturalschoolintheUnitedStates.Soonafteritscompletionin1857,thebuildinghelpedtomakeGreenwichVillagecentraltotheartsinNewYorkCity,drawingartistsfromalloverthecountrytowork,exhibit,andselltheirart.InitsinitialyearsWinslowHomertookastudiothere,[41]asdidEdwardLamsonHenry,andmanyoftheartistsoftheHudsonRiverSchool,includingFredericChurchandAlbertBierstadt.[42]
WhitneyMuseumofAmericanArt'soriginallocation,at8–12West8thStreet,betweenFifthAvenueandMacDougalStreet;currentlyhometotheNewYorkStudioSchoolofDrawing,PaintingandSculpture.
Fromthelate19thcenturyuntilthepresent,theHotelAlberthasservedasaculturaliconofGreenwichVillage.Openedduringthe1880sandoriginallylocatedat11thStreetandUniversityPlace,calledtheHotelSt.Stephanandthen,after1902,calledtheHotelAlbertwhileundertheownershipofWilliamRyder,itservedasameetingplace,restaurantanddwellingforseveralimportantartistsandwritersfromthelate19thcenturywellintothe20thcentury.After1902,theowner'sbrotherAlbertPinkhamRyderlivedandpaintedthere.Someothernotedguestswholivedthereinclude:AugustusSt.Gaudens,RobertLouisStevenson,MarkTwain,HartCrane,WaltWhitman,AnaïsNin,ThomasWolfe,RobertLowell,HortonFoote,SalvadorDalí,PhilipGuston,JacksonPollock,andAndyWarhol.[43][44]Duringthegoldenageofbohemianism,GreenwichVillagebecamefamousforsucheccentricsasJoeGould(profiledatlengthbyJosephMitchell)andMaxwellBodenheim,dancerIsadoraDuncan,writerWilliamFaulkner,andplaywrightEugeneO'Neill.Politicalrebellionalsomadeitshomehere,whetherserious(JohnReed)orfrivolous(MarcelDuchampandfriendssetoffballoonsfromatopWashingtonSquareArch,proclaimingthefoundingof"TheIndependentRepublicofGreenwichVillage"onJanuary24,1917).[45][46]
TheCherryLaneTheatreislocatedinGreenwichVillage.
TheannualGreenwichVillageHalloweenParadeistheworld'slargestHalloweenparade.
In1924,theCherryLaneTheatrewasestablished.Locatedat38CommerceStreet,itisNewYorkCity'soldestcontinuouslyrunningOff-Broadwaytheater.AlandmarkinGreenwichVillage'sculturallandscape,itwasbuiltasafarmsiloin1817,andalsoservedasatobaccowarehouseandboxfactorybeforeEdnaSt.VincentMillayandothermembersoftheProvincetownPlayersconvertedthestructureintoatheatretheychristenedtheCherryLanePlayhouse,whichopenedonMarch24,1924,withtheplayTheManWhoAtethePopomack.Duringthe1940sTheLivingTheatre,TheatreoftheAbsurd,andtheDowntownTheatermovementalltookrootthere,anditdevelopedareputationasashowcaseforaspiringplaywrightsandemergingvoices.
InoneofthemanyManhattanpropertiesthatGertrudeVanderbiltWhitneyandherhusbandowned,GertrudeWhitneyestablishedtheWhitneyStudioClubat8West8thStreetin1914,asafacilitywhereyoungartistscouldexhibittheirworks.Bythe1930sithadevolvedintohergreatestlegacy,theWhitneyMuseumofAmericanArt,onthesiteoftoday'sNewYorkStudioSchoolofDrawing,PaintingandSculpture.TheWhitneywasfoundedin1931,asananswertotheMuseumofModernArt,founded1928,anditscollectionofmostlyEuropeanmodernismanditsneglectofAmericanArt.GertrudeWhitneydecidedtoputthetimeandmoneyintothemuseumaftertheNewYorkMetropolitanMuseumofArtturneddownheroffertocontributehertwenty-five-yearcollectionofmodernartworks.[47]In1936,therenownedAbstractExpressionistartistandteacherHansHofmannmovedhisartschoolfromEast57thStreetto52West9thStreet.In1938,Hofmannmovedagaintoamorepermanenthomeat52West8thStreet.Theschoolremainedactiveuntil1958,whenHofmannretiredfromteaching.[48]
OnJanuary8,1947,stevedoreAndyHintzwasfatallyshotbyhitmenJohnM.Dunn,AndrewSheridanandDannyGentileinfrontofhisapartment.BeforehediedonJanuary29,hetoldhiswifethat"JohnnyDunnshotme."[49]Thethreegunmenwereimmediatelyarrested.SheridanandDunnwereexecuted.[50]
TheVillagehostedthenation'sfirstraciallyintegratednightclub,[51]whenCaféSocietywasopenedin1938at1SheridanSquare[52]byBarneyJosephson.CaféSocietyshowcasedAfricanAmericantalentandwasintendedtobeanAmericanversionofthepoliticalcabaretsthatJosephsonhadseeninEuropebeforeWorldWarI.Notableperformersthereincluded:PearlBailey,CountBasie,NatKingCole,JohnColtrane,MilesDavis,EllaFitzgerald,ColemanHawkins,BillieHoliday,LenaHorne,BurlIves,LeadBelly,AnitaO'Day,CharlieParker,LesPaulandMaryFord,PaulRobeson,KayStarr,ArtTatum,SarahVaughan,DinahWashington,JoshWhite,TeddyWilson,LesterYoung,andtheWeavers,whoalsoinChristmas1949,playedattheVillageVanguard.
TheannualGreenwichVillageHalloweenParade,initiatedin1974byGreenwichVillagepuppeteerandmaskmakerRalphLee,istheworld'slargestHalloweenparadeandAmerica'sonlymajornighttimeparade,attractingmorethan60,000costumedparticipants,twomillionin-personspectators,andaworldwidetelevisionaudienceofover100million.[53]
Postwar[edit]
TheStonewallInn,adesignatedU.S.NationalHistoricLandmarkandNationalMonument,asthesiteoftheJune1969Stonewallriotsandthecradleofthemoderngayrightsmovement.[37][38][39]
GreenwichVillageagainbecameimportanttothebohemiansceneduringthe1950s,whentheBeatGenerationfocusedtheirenergiesthere.Fleeingfromwhattheysawasoppressivesocialconformity,aloosecollectionofwriters,poets,artists,andstudents(laterknownastheBeats)andtheBeatniks,movedtoGreenwichVillage,andtoNorthBeachinSanFrancisco,inmanywayscreatingtheU.S.EastCoastandWestCoastpredecessors,respectively,totheEastVillage-HaightAshburyhippiesceneofthenextdecade.TheVillage(andsurroundingNewYorkCity)wouldlaterplaycentralrolesinthewritingsof,amongothers,MayaAngelou,JamesBaldwin,WilliamS.Burroughs,TrumanCapote,AllenGinsberg,JackKerouac,RodMcKuen,MarianneMoore,andDylanThomas,whocollapsedattheChelseaHotel,anddiedatSt.VincentsHospitalat170West12thStreet,intheVillageafterdrinkingattheWhiteHorseTavernonNovember5,1953.
Off-Off-BroadwaybeganinGreenwichVillagein1958asareactiontoOffBroadway,anda"completerejectionofcommercialtheatre".[54]Amongthefirstvenuesforwhatwouldsoonbecalled"Off-Off-Broadway"(atermsupposedlycoinedbycriticJerryTallmeroftheVillageVoice)werecoffeehousesinGreenwichVillage,inparticular,theCaffeCinoat31CorneliaStreet,operatedbytheeccentricJoeCino,whoearlyontookalikingtoactorsandplaywrightsandagreedtoletthemstageplaystherewithoutbotheringtoreadtheplaysfirst,ortoevenfindoutmuchaboutthecontent.AlsointegraltotheriseofOff-Off-BroadwaywereEllenStewartatLaMaMa,originallylocatedat321E.9thStreet,andAlCarminesattheJudsonPoets'Theater,locatedatJudsonMemorialChurchonthesouthsideofWashingtonSquarePark.
BlueNoteJazzClub
TheVillagehadacutting-edgecabaretandmusicscene.TheVillageGate,theVillageVanguard,andtheBlueNote(since1981)regularlyhostedsomeofthebiggestnamesinjazz.GreenwichVillagealsoplayedamajorroleinthedevelopmentofthefolkmusicsceneofthe1960s.MusicclubsincludedGerde'sFolkCity,TheBitterEnd,CafeAuGoGo,CafeWha?,TheGaslightCafeandTheBottomLine.ThreeofthefourmembersoftheMamas&thePapasmetthere.GuitaristandfolksingerDaveVanRonklivedthereformanyyears.VillageresidentandculturaliconBobDylanbythemid-60shadbecomeoneoftheworld'sforemostpopularsongwriters,andoftendevelopmentsinGreenwichVillagewouldinfluencethesimultaneouslyoccurringfolkrockmovementinSanFranciscoandelsewhere,andviceversa.DozensofotherculturalandpopulariconsgottheirstartintheVillage'snightclub,theater,andcoffeehousesceneduringthe1950s,1960s,andearly1970s,includingEricAndersen,JoanBaez,JacksonBrowne,theClancyBrothersandTommyMakem,RichieHavens,JimiHendrix,JanisIan,theKingstonTrio,theLovin'Spoonful,BetteMidler,LizaMinnelli,JoniMitchell,MariaMuldaur,LauraNyro,PhilOchs,TomPaxton,Peter,Paul,andMary,CarlySimon,Simon&Garfunkel,NinaSimone,BarbraStreisand,JamesTaylor,andtheVelvetUnderground.TheGreenwichVillageofthe1950sand1960swasatthecenterofJaneJacobs'sbookTheDeathandLifeofGreatAmericanCities,whichdefendeditandsimilarcommunities,whilecriticizingcommonurbanrenewalpoliciesofthetime.
FoundedbyNewYork-basedartistMercedesMatterandherstudents,theNewYorkStudioSchoolofDrawing,PaintingandSculptureisanartschoolformedinthemid-1960sintheVillage.OfficiallyopenedSeptember23,1964,theschoolisstillactive,at8W.8thStreet,thesiteoftheoriginalWhitneyMuseumofAmericanArt.[55]
GreenwichVillagewashometoasafehouseusedbytheradicalanti-warmovementknownastheWeatherUnderground.OnMarch6,1970,theirsafehousewasdestroyedwhenanexplosivedevicetheywereconstructingwasaccidentallydetonated,killingthreeoftheirmembers(TedGold,TerryRobbins,andDianaOughton).
TheVillagehasbeenacenterformovementsthatchallengedthewiderAmericanculture,forexample,itsroleinthegayliberationmovement.TheStonewallriotswereaseriesofspontaneous,violentdemonstrationsbymembersofthegaycommunityagainstapoliceraidthattookplaceintheearlymorninghoursofJune28,1969,attheStonewallInn,53ChristopherStreet.Consideredtogether,thedemonstrationsarewidelyconsideredtoconstitutethesinglemostimportanteventleadingtothegayliberationmovementandthemodernfightforLGBTrightsintheUnitedStates.[56][57]OnJune23,2015,theStonewallInnwasthefirstlandmarkinNewYorkCitytoberecognizedbytheNewYorkCityLandmarksPreservationCommissiononthebasisofitsstatusinLGBThistory,[58]andonJune24,2016,theStonewallNationalMonumentwasnamedthefirstU.S.NationalMonumentdedicatedtotheLGBTQ-rightsmovement.[59]GreenwichVillagecontainstheworld'soldestgayandlesbianbookstore,OscarWildeBookshop,foundedin1967,whileTheLesbian,Gay,Bisexual&TransgenderCommunityCenter–bestknownassimply"TheCenter"–hasoccupiedtheformerFood&MaritimeTradesHighSchoolat208West13thStreetsince1984.In2006,theVillagewasthesceneofanassaultinvolvingsevenlesbiansandastraightmanthatsparkedappreciablemediaattention,withstrongstatementsdefendingbothsidesofthecase.
Preservation[edit]
TheWashingtonSquareArch,anunofficialiconofGreenwichVillageandnearbyNewYorkUniversity
Sincetheendofthe20thcentury,manyartistsandlocalhistorianshavemournedthefactthatthebohemiandaysofGreenwichVillagearelonggone,becauseoftheextraordinarilyhighhousingcostsintheneighborhood.[60]TheartistsfledtootherNewYorkCityneighborhoodsincludingSoHo,Tribeca,Dumbo,Williamsburg,andLongIslandCity.Nevertheless,residentsofGreenwichVillagestillpossessastrongcommunityidentityandareproudoftheirneighborhood'suniquehistoryandfame,anditswell-knownliberallive-and-let-liveattitudes.[60]
Historically,localresidentsandpreservationgroupshavebeenconcernedaboutdevelopmentintheVillageandhavefoughttopreserveitsarchitecturalandhistoricintegrity.Inthe1960s,MargotGayleledagroupofcitizenstopreservetheJeffersonMarketCourthouse(laterreusedasJeffersonMarketLibrary),[61]whileothercitizengroupsfoughttokeeptrafficoutofWashingtonSquarePark,[62]andJaneJacobs,usingtheVillageasanexampleofavibranturbancommunity,advocatedtokeepitthatway.
Sincethen,preservationhasbeenapartoftheVillageethos.ShortlyaftertheNewYorkCityLandmarksPreservationCommission(LPC)wasestablishedin1965,itactedtoprotectpartsofGreenwichVillage,designatingthesmallCharlton-King-VandamHistoricDistrictin1966,whichcontainsthecity'slargestconcentrationofrowhousesintheFederalstyle,aswellasasignificantconcentrationofGreekRevivalhouses,andtheevensmallerMacDougal-SullivanGardensHistoricDistrictin1967,agroupof22housessharingacommonbackgarden,builtintheGreekRevivalstyleandlaterrenovatedwithColonialRevivalfaçades.In1969,theLPCdesignatedtheGreenwichVillageHistoricDistrict–whichremainedthecity'slargestforfourdecades–despitepreservationists'advocacyfortheentireneighborhoodtobedesignatedanhistoricdistrict.Advocatescontinuedtopursuetheirgoalofadditionaldesignation,spurredinparticularbytheincreasedpaceofdevelopmentinthe1990s.
Rezonedareas[edit]
396-397WestStreetatWest10thStreetisaformerhotelwhichdatesfrom1904,andispartoftheWeehawkenStreetHistoricDistrict
TheGreenwichVillageSocietyforHistoricPreservation(GVSHP),anonprofitorganizationdedicatedtothearchitecturalandculturalcharacterandheritageoftheneighborhood,successfullyproposednewdistrictsandindividuallandmarkstotheLPC.Thoseinclude:[63]
GansevoortMarketHistoricDistrictwasthefirstnewhistoricdistrictinGreenwichVillagein34years.The112buildingson11blocksprotectthecity'sdistinctiveMeatpackingDistrictwithitscobblestonestreets,warehousesandrowhouses.About70percentoftheareaproposedbyGVSHPin2000wasdesignatedahistoricdistrictbytheLPCin2003,whiletheentireareawaslistedontheStateandNationalRegistersofHistoricPlacesin2007.[64][65]
WeehawkenStreetHistoricDistrict,designatedin2006,isa14-building,three-blockdistrictneartheHudsonRivercenteringontinyWeehawkenStreetandcontaininganarrayofarchitectureincludingasailors'hotel,formerstables,andawoodenhouse.[66]
GreenwichVillageHistoricDistrictExtensionI,designatedin2006,brought46morebuildingsonthreeblocksintothedistrict,thusprotectingwarehouses,aformerpublicschoolandpolicestation,andearly19thcenturyrowhouses.BoththeWeehawkenStreetHistoricDistrictandtheGreenwichVillageHistoricDistrictExtensionIweredesignatedbytheLPCinresponsetothelargerproposalforaFarWestVillageHistoricDistrictsubmittedbyGVSHPin2004.[66]
GreenwichVillageHistoricDistrictExtensionII,designatedin2010,embracing225buildingson12blocks,contains19thcenturyhouses,19thand20thcenturytenements,andavarietyofculturallandmarks.[67]
SouthVillageHistoricDistrict,designatedin2013,covers235buildingson13blocks,representingthelargestsingleexpansionoflandmarkprotectionsinGreenwichVillagesince1969.Itincludeswell-preservedandrenovated19thcenturyhouses,colorfultenements,andavarietyofsitesimportanttothearea'srichimmigrant,artistic,andItalian-Americanhistory,aswellasseverallow-rise,historicallysignificantNewYorkUniversitybuildingsonWashingtonSquareSouth.[68]
TheLandmarksPreservationCommissiondesignatedaslandmarksseveralindividualsitesproposedbytheGreenwichVillageSocietyforHistoricPreservation,includingtheformerBellTelephoneLabsComplex(1861–1933),nowWestbethArtists'Housing,designatedin2011;[69]theSilverTowers/UniversityVillageComplex(1967),designedbyI.M.PeiandincludingthePicassosculpture"PortraitofSylvette,"designatedin2008;[70]andthreeearly19th-centuryfederalhousesat127,129and131MacDougalStreet.
SeveralcontextualrezoningswereenactedinGreenwichVillageinrecentyearstolimitthesizeandheightofallowablenewdevelopmentintheneighborhood,andtoencouragethepreservationofexistingbuildings.ThefollowingwereproposedbytheGVSHPandpassedbytheCityPlanningCommission:
FarWestVillageRezoning,approvedin2005,wasthefirstdownzoninginManhattaninmanyyears,puttinginplacenewheightcaps,thusendingconstructionofhigh-risewaterfronttowersinmuchoftheVillageandencouragingthereuseofexistingbuildings.[71]
WashingtonandGreenwichStreetRezoning,approvedin2010,waspassedinnear-recordtimetoprotectsixblocksfromout-of-scalehoteldevelopmentandmaintainthelow-risecharacter.[72]
NYUdispute[edit]
WashingtonMewsinGreenwichVillage;anNYUbuildingcanbeseeninthebackground
NewYorkUniversityandGreenwichVillagepreservationistshavebeenembroiledinaconflictovercampusexpansionversuspreservationofthescaleandbohemiancharacteroftheVillage.[73]
Asonepresscriticputitin2013,"Fordecades,NewYorkUniversityhaswagedarchitecturalwaronGreenwichVillage."[74]Recentexamplesoftheuniversityclashingwiththecommunity,oftenledbytheGreenwichVillageSocietyforHistoricPreservation,includethedestructionofthe85WestThirdStreethousewhereEdgarAllanPoelivedfrom1844to1845,whichNYUpromisedtorebuildusingoriginalmaterials,butthenclaimednottohaveenoughbrickstodoso;theconstructionofthe26-storyFoundersHalldormbehindthefaçadeofdemolishedSt.Ann'sChurchat120EastTwelfthStreet,whichadvocatesprotestedasbeingoutofscaleforthelow-risearea,andreceivedassurancesfromNYU,whichthenbuiltall26storiesanyway;[75]andthedemolitionin2009oftheProvincetownPlayhouseandApartments,overprotests.[76]
In2008,aspartofamulti-stakeholderCommunityTaskForceonNYUDevelopment,theuniversityagreedtoasetof"PlanningPrinciples."[77]YetadvocatesdidnotfindNYUwasfollowingtheprinciplesinpractice,culminatinginasuccessfullawsuitagainsttheuniversity's"NYU2031"planforexpansion.[78]
Demographics[edit]
Forcensuspurposes,theNewYorkCitygovernmentclassifiesGreenwichVillageaspartoftheWestVillageneighborhoodtabulationarea.[79]Basedondatafromthe2010UnitedStatesCensus,thepopulationofWestVillagewas66,880,achangeof−1,603(−2.4%)fromthe68,483countedin2000.Coveringanareaof583.47acres(236.12 ha),theneighborhoodhadapopulationdensityof114.6inhabitantsperacre(73,300/sq mi;28,300/km2).[80]Theracialmakeupoftheneighborhoodwas80.9%(54,100)White,2%(1,353)AfricanAmerican,0.1%(50)NativeAmerican,8.2%(5,453)Asian,0%(20)PacificIslander,0.4%(236)fromotherraces,and2.4%(1,614)fromtwoormoreraces.HispanicorLatinoofanyracewere6.1%(4,054)ofthepopulation.[81]
TheentiretyofCommunityDistrict2,whichcomprisesGreenwichVillageandSoHo,had91,638inhabitantsasofNYCHealth's2018CommunityHealthProfile,withanaveragelifeexpectancyof85.8years.[82]: 2, 20 Thisishigherthanthemedianlifeexpectancyof81.2forallNewYorkCityneighborhoods.[83]: 53(PDFp.84) [84]Mostinhabitantsareadults:aplurality(42%)arebetweentheagesof25–44,while24%arebetween45and64,and15%are65orolder.Theratioofyouthandcollege-agedresidentswaslower,at9%and10%respectively.[82]: 2
Asof2017,themedianhouseholdincomeinCommunityDistricts1and2(includingtheFinancialDistrictandTribeca)was$144,878,[85]thoughthemedianincomeinGreenwichVillageindividuallywas$119,728.[2]In2018,anestimated9%ofGreenwichVillageandSoHoresidentslivedinpoverty,comparedto14%inallofManhattanand20%inallofNewYorkCity.Oneintwenty-fiveresidents(4%)wereunemployed,comparedto7%inManhattanand9%inNewYorkCity.Rentburden,orthepercentageofresidentswhohavedifficultypayingtheirrent,is38%inGreenwichVillageandSoHo,comparedtotheboroughwideandcitywideratesof45%and51%respectively.Basedonthiscalculation,asof2018[update],GreenwichVillageandSoHoareconsideredhigh-incomerelativetotherestofthecityandnotgentrifying.[82]: 7
Pointsofinterest[edit]
GreenwichVillageincludesseveralcollegiateinstitutions.Sincethe1830s,NewYorkUniversity(NYU)hashadacampusthere.In1973NYUmovedfromitscampusinUniversityHeightsintheWestBronx(thecurrentsiteofBronxCommunityCollege),toGreenwichVillagewithmanybuildingsaroundGouldPlazaonWest4thStreet.In1976YeshivaUniversityestablishedtheBenjaminN.CardozoSchoolofLawinthenorthernpartofGreenwichVillage.Inthe1980sHebrewUnionCollegewasbuiltinGreenwichVillage.TheNewSchool,withitsParsonsTheNewSchoolforDesign,adivisionofTheNewSchool,andtheSchool'sGraduateSchoolexpandedinthe2000s,withtherenovated,award-winningdesignoftheSheilaC.JohnsonDesignCenterat66FifthAvenueon13thStreet.TheCooperUnionislocatedinGreenwichVillage,atAstorPlace,nearSt.Mark'sPlaceontheborderoftheEastVillage.PrattInstituteestablisheditslatestManhattancampusinanadaptivelyreusedBrunner&Tryon-designedloftbuildingon14thStreet,eastofSeventhAvenue.Theuniversitycampusbuildingexpansionwasfollowedbyagentrificationprocessinthe1980s.TherearenumeroushistoricbuildingsintheneighborhoodincludingEmmaLazarus'formerresidenceonW10thStreet[86]andEdwardHopper'sformerstudiowhichnowhousestheNYUSilverSchoolofSocialWork.[87]
ChristopherPark,partoftheStonewallNationalMonument
ThehistoricWashingtonSquareParkisthecenterandheartoftheneighborhood.Additionally,theVillagehasseveralother,smallerparks:Christopher,FatherFagan,LittleRedSquare,MinettaTriangle,PetrosinoSquare,andTimeLandscape.Therearealsocityplaygrounds,includingDeSalvioPlayground,Minetta,ThompsonStreet,BleeckerStreet,DowningStreet,MercerStreet,Cpl.JohnA.Seravelli,andWilliamPassannanteBallfield.Oneofthemostfamouscourts,is"TheCage",officiallyknownastheWestFourthStreetCourts.SittingatoptheWest4thSt–WashingtonSquaresubwaystationatSixthAvenue,thecourtsareusedbybasketballandAmericanhandballplayersfromacrossthecity.TheCagehasbecomeoneofthemostimportanttournamentsitesforthecitywide"Streetball"amateurbasketballtournament.Since1975,NewYorkUniversity'sartcollectionhasbeenhousedattheGreyArtGalleryborderingWashingtonSquarePark,at100WashingtonSquareEast.TheGreyArtGalleryisnotableforitsmuseum-qualityexhibitionsofcontemporaryart.
TheVillagehasabustlingperformingartsscene.ItishometomanyOffBroadwayandOff-Off-Broadwaytheaters;forinstance,BlueManGrouphastakenupresidenceintheAstorPlaceTheater.TheVillageGate(until1992),theVillageVanguardandtheBlueNotearestillpresentingsomeofthebiggestnamesinjazzonaregularbasis.OthermusicclubsincludeTheBitterEnd,andLion'sDen.TheVillagehasitsownorchestraaptlynamedtheGreenwichVillageOrchestra.ComedyclubsdottheVillageaswell,includingComedyCellar,wheremanyAmericanstand-upcomediansgottheirstart.
SeveralpublicationshaveofficesintheVillage,mostnotablythemonthlymagazinesAmericanHeritageandFortuneandformerlyalsothecitywidenewsweeklytheVillageVoice.TheNationalAudubonSociety,havingrelocateditsnationalheadquartersfromamansioninCarnegieHilltoarestoredandverygreen,formerindustrialbuildinginNoHo,relocatedtosmallerbutevengreenerLEEDcertifiedbuildingat225VarickStreet,[88]onHoustonStreetneartheFilmForum.
Policeandcrime[edit]
NYPD6thPrecinct
GreenwichVillageispatrolledbythe6thPrecinctoftheNYPD,locatedat233West10thStreet.[89]The6thPrecinctranked68thsafestoutof69patrolareasforper-capitacrimein2010.Thisisduetoahighincidenceofpropertycrime.[90]Asof2018[update],withanon-fatalassaultrateof10per100,000people,GreenwichVillage'srateofviolentcrimespercapitaislessthanthatofthecityasawhole.Theincarcerationrateof100per100,000peopleislowerthanthatofthecityasawhole.[82]: 8
The6thPrecincthasalowercrimeratethaninthe1990s,withcrimesacrossallcategorieshavingdecreasedby80.6%between1990and2018.Theprecinctreported1murder,20rapes,153robberies,121felonyassaults,163burglaries,1,031grandlarcenies,and28grandlarceniesautoin2018.[91]
Firesafety[edit]
GreenwichVillageisservedbytwoNewYorkCityFireDepartment(FDNY)firestations:[92]
EngineCompany24/LadderCompany5/Battalion2–2276thAvenue[93]
Squad18–132West10thStreet[94]
Health[edit]
Asof2018[update],pretermbirthsaremorecommoninGreenwichVillageandSoHothaninotherplacescitywide,thoughbirthstoteenagemothersarelesscommon.InGreenwichVillageandSoHo,therewere91pretermbirthsper1,000livebirths(comparedto87per1,000citywide),and1teenagebirthper1,000livebirths(comparedto19.3per1,000citywide),thoughtheteenagebirthrateisbasedonasmallsamplesize.[82]: 11 GreenwichVillageandSoHohavealowpopulationofresidentswhoareuninsured.In2018,thispopulationofuninsuredresidentswasestimatedtobe4%,lessthanthecitywiderateof12%,thoughthiswasbasedonasmallsamplesize.[82]: 14
Theconcentrationoffineparticulatematter,thedeadliesttypeofairpollutant,inGreenwichVillageandSoHois0.0095milligramspercubicmetre(9.5×10−9 oz/cu ft),morethanthecityaverage.[82]: 9 SixteenpercentofGreenwichVillageandSoHoresidentsaresmokers,whichismorethanthecityaverageof14%ofresidentsbeingsmokers.[82]: 13 InGreenwichVillageandSoHo,4%ofresidentsareobese,3%arediabetic,and15%havehighbloodpressure,thelowestratesinthecity—comparedtothecitywideaveragesof24%,11%,and28%respectively.[82]: 16 Inaddition,5%ofchildrenareobese,thelowestrateinthecity,comparedtothecitywideaverageof20%.[82]: 12
Ninety-sixpercentofresidentseatsomefruitsandvegetableseveryday,whichismorethanthecity'saverageof87%.In2018,91%ofresidentsdescribedtheirhealthas"good,""verygood,"or"excellent,"morethanthecity'saverageof78%.[82]: 13 ForeverysupermarketinGreenwichVillageandSoHo,thereare7bodegas.[82]: 10
ThenearestmajorhospitalsareBethIsraelMedicalCenterinStuyvesantTown,aswellastheBellevueHospitalCenterandNYULangoneMedicalCenterinKipsBay,andNewYork-PresbyterianLowerManhattanHospitalintheCivicCenterarea.[95][96]
PostofficesandZIPCodes[edit]
WestVillagePostOffice
GreenwichVillageislocatedwithinfourprimaryZIPCodes.ThesubsectionofWestVillage,southofGreenwichAvenueandwestofSixthAvenue,islocatedin10014,whilethenorthwesternsectionofGreenwichVillagenorthofGreenwichAvenueandWashingtonSquareParkandwestofFifthAvenueisin10011.ThenortheasternpartoftheVillage,northofWashingtonSquareParkandeastofFifthAvenue,isin10003.Theneighborhood'ssouthernportion,theareasouthofWashingtonSquareParkandeastofSixthAvenue,isin10012.[97]TheUnitedStatesPostalServiceoperatesthreepostofficesnearGreenwichVillage:
PatchinStation–70West10thStreet[98]
VillageStation–201VarickStreet[99]
WestVillageStation–527HudsonStreet[100]
Education[edit]
GreenwichVillageandSoHogenerallyhaveahigherrateofcollege-educatedresidentsthantherestofthecityasof2018[update].Thevastmajorityofresidentsage25andolder(84%)haveacollegeeducationorhigher,while4%havelessthanahighschooleducationand12%arehighschoolgraduatesorhavesomecollegeeducation.Bycontrast,64%ofManhattanresidentsand43%ofcityresidentshaveacollegeeducationorhigher.[82]: 6 ThepercentageofGreenwichVillageandSoHostudentsexcellinginmathrosefrom61%in2000to80%in2011,andreadingachievementincreasedfrom66%to68%duringthesametimeperiod.[101]
GreenwichVillageandSoHo'srateofelementaryschoolstudentabsenteeismislowerthantherestofNewYorkCity.InGreenwichVillageandSoHo,7%ofelementaryschoolstudentsmissedtwentyormoredaysperschoolyear,lessthanthecitywideaverageof20%.[83]: 24(PDFp.55) [82]: 6 Additionally,91%ofhighschoolstudentsinGreenwichVillageandSoHograduateontime,morethanthecitywideaverageof75%.[82]: 6
Schools[edit]
GreenwichVillageresidentsarezonedtotwoelementaryschools:PS3,MelserCharretteSchool,andPS41,GreenwichVillageSchool.ResidentsarezonedtoBaruchMiddleSchool104.ResidentsapplytovariousNewYorkCityhighschools.TheprivateGreenwichVillageHighSchoolwasformerlylocatedinthearea,butlatermovedtoSoHo.[102][103][104]
GreenwichVillageishometoNewYorkUniversity,whichownslargesectionsoftheareaandmostofthebuildingsaroundWashingtonSquarePark.[7][8]TothenorthisthecampusofTheNewSchool,whichishousedinseveralbuildingsthatareconsideredhistoricallandmarksbecauseoftheirinnovativearchitecture.[105]TheNewSchool'sSheilaJohnsonDesignCenterdoublesasapublicartgallery.[106]CooperUnionhasbeenlocatedintheEastVillagesinceitsfoundingin1859.[107][108]
Libraries[edit]
JeffersonMarketLibrary,onceacourthouse,nowservesasabranchoftheNewYorkPublicLibrary.
TheNewYorkPublicLibrary(NYPL)operatestwobranchesinGreenwichVillage.TheJeffersonMarketLibraryislocatedat425AvenueoftheAmericas(SixthAvenue).Thebuildingwasacourthouseinthe19thand20thcenturiesbeforebeingconvertedintoalibraryin1967,anditisnowacitydesignatedlandmark.[109]TheHudsonParkbranchislocatedat66LeroyStreet.ThebranchishousedinCarnegielibrarythatwasbuiltin1906andexpandedin1920.[110]
Transportation[edit]
GreenwichVillageisservedbytheINDEighthAvenueLine(A,C,andEtrains),theINDSixthAvenueLine(B,D,F,,andMtrains),theBMTCanarsieLine(Ltrain),andtheIRTBroadway–SeventhAvenueLine(1,2,and3trains)oftheNewYorkCitySubway.The14thStreet/SixthAvenue,14thStreet/EighthAvenue,WestFourthStreet–WashingtonSquare,andChristopherStreet–SheridanSquarestationsareintheneighborhood.[111]LocalNewYorkCityBusroutes,operatedbytheMetropolitanTransportationAuthority,includetheM55,M7,M11,M14,andM20.[112]OnthePATH,theChristopherStreet,NinthStreet,and14thStreetstationsareinGreenwichVillage.
Notableresidents[edit]
Maincategory:PeoplefromGreenwichVillage
GreenwichVillagehaslongbeenapopularneighborhoodfornumerousartistsandothernotablepeople.Pastandpresentnotableresidentsinclude:
RobertDeNiro
RobertDowneyJr.
HankGreenberg
EmmaStone
EdwardAlbee(1928–2016),playwright[113]
AlecBaldwin(born1958),actor[114][115]
RichardBarone,musician,producer[116]
PaulBateson(born1940),convictedmurdererwhowasinTheExorcist[117]
BrieBella(born1983),wrestler
NateBerkus(born1971),interiordesigner[118]
DavidBlue(1941-1982),folksinger,companionofBobDylan
MatthewBroderick(born1962),actor[115][119]
BarbaraPierceBush(born1981),daughterofformerU.S.PresidentGeorgeW.Bush[120]
FrancescoCarrozzini(born1982),filmdirectorandphotographer[121]
JessicaChastain(born1977),actress[115]
RamseyClarklawyerandactivist"WestViewNewsDateApril7,2018acceesdate:
PatriciaClarkson(born1959),actress
FrancescoClemente(born1952)contemporaryartist[121]
JacobCohen(1923–1983),statisticianandpsychologist[122]
AndersonCooper(born1967),CNNanchor[115][123]
AleisterCrowley(1875-1947),Englishoccultist.
HughDancy(born1975),actor[124]
ClaireDanes(born1979),actress[124]
RobertDeNiro(born1943),actor[125]
BrianDePalma(born1940),filmdirectorandscreenwriter[115]
FloydDell(1887–1969),novelist,playwright,poetandmanagingeditorofTheMasses[126]
LeonardoDiCaprio(born1974),actor[115]
RobertDowneyJr.(born1965),actorandsinger[127]
SteveEarle(born1955),musician[128]
CrystalEastman(1881–1928),lawyerandleaderinthefightforwoman'ssuffrage[129]
MauriceEvans(1901–1989),BritishactornotedforhisinterpretationsofShakespeareancharacters[113]
AndrewGarfield(born1983),actor[130][better source needed]
HankGreenberg(1911–1986),HallofFamebaseballplayer[131]
JohnP.Hammond(born1942),bluessingerandguitarist[121]
JerryHerman(1931-2019),composerandlyricist[132]
DustinHoffman(born1937),actor
EdwardHopper(1882–1967),painter[133]
MarcJacobs(born1963),fashiondesigner[134]
MaxKellerman(born1973),sportscommentator
EvaKotchever(1891-1943),ownerofEve'sHangout,alsocalledEveAdams’Tearoom,situatedat129MacDougalSt,deportedtoEuropeanddiedatAuschwitz.[135]
AnnieLeibovitz(born1949),photographer[115]
ArthurMacArthurIV(born1938),musician,sonofGeneralDouglasMacArthur
AndrewMcCarthy(born1962),actor,writerandtelevisiondirector
BobMelvin(born1961),MajorLeagueBaseballplayerandmanager
EdnaSt.VincentMillay,poetandplaywright[136]
MatthewModine(born1959),actorandactivist
JulianneMoore(born1960),actress[137]
NickolasMuray(bornMiklósMandl;1892–1965),Hungarian-bornAmericanphotographerandOlympicfencer[138]
BebeNeuwirth(born1958),actress[139]
EdwardNorton(born1969),actorandfilmmaker[140]
RosieO'Donnell,actressandcomedian[115]
Mary-KateOlsen,actressandfashiondesigner[115]
Mary-LouiseParker,actress[115]
SarahJessicaParker(born1965),actress[115]
SeanParker(born1979),entrepreneur[115]
EdgarAllanPoe(1809–1849),poetandnovelist[141]
LeontynePrice(born1927),soprano[142]
DanielRadcliffe(born1989),actor[143]
GildaRadner(1946–1989),actressandcomedian[115]
RachaelRay,televisionpersonalityandcook[115]
JuliaRoberts(born1967),actress[115]
SusanSarandon(born1946),actress[115]
JohnSebastian(born1944),musician[144]
AmySedaris(born1961),actress[145]
JamesSpader,actor[146]
PatSteir(born1938),painterandprintmaker[121]
EmmaStone(born1988),actress[147]
UmaThurman(born1970),actress[120][148]
TinyTim(musician)(1932-1996),singer
MarisaTomei(born1964),actress[149]
CalvinTrillin(born1935),featurewriterforTheNewYorkermagazine.[150]
LivTyler(born1977),actress[151]
EdgardVarèse(1883–1965),French-borncomposer[121]
AnnaWintour(born1949),editor-in-chiefofVoguemagazine[121]
Inpopularculture[edit]
Comics[edit]
IntheDCComicsuniverse,WonderWomanlivedinthe"Village"inNewYorkCity(nevercalledbyitsfullname,butclearlydepictedasGreenwichVillage)duringthelate1960sandearly1970s,whenshehadlostmostofhersuperpowers.MadameXanadulivedonChrystieStreet,describedalternatelyasbeingin"GreenwichVillage"andthe"EastVillage."
IntheMarvelComicsuniverse,MasteroftheMysticArtsandSorcererSupreme,DoctorStrange,livesinabrownstonemansioninGreenwichVillage.DoctorStrange'sSanctumSanctorumislocatedat177ABleeckerStreet.
InAkimiYoshida'sBananaFishsequel/sidestory,GardenofLight,EijiOkumuraisstatedtoliveinGreenwichVillageasanaccomplishedphotographer.
Film[edit]
InAlfredHitchcock'sRearWindow(1954)JamesStewart'scharacterlivesinaGreenwichVillageapartment.[152]
InWonderfulTown(1953),theSherwoodsistersleave1935Columbus,Ohio,forGreenwichVillagetopursuetheirdreamsofbecomingawriter(Ruth)andanactress(Eileen).TheirapartmentwassaidtobeonChristopherStreet,thoughtheactualapartmentofauthorRuthMcKenneyandhersisterEileenMcKenneywasat14GayStreet.
InFunnyFace(1957),JoStockton(AudreyHepburn)worksatabookstorecalledEmbryoConceptsintheVillage,wheresheisdiscoveredbyDickAvery(FredAstaire).[153]
InWhenHarryMetSally...(1989),SallydropsHarryoffinfrontoftheWashingtonSquareArchaftertheyshareadrivefromUniversityofChicago.
InWaitUntilDark(1967),SusyHendrix(AudreyHepburn)livesat4St.Luke'sPlace.[154]
NextStop,GreenwichVillage(1976)chroniclesthestoryofayoungJewishboyin1953whomovestotheVillage,lookingtobreakintoacting.
ThePopeofGreenwichVillage(1984)centersonamaîtred'(MickeyRourke)intheItaliansectionoftheVillage.
BigDaddy(1999),AdamSandlerandCole/DylanSprouse'scharactersliveinaGreenwichVillageapartment.
ChineseCoffee(2000),anindependentfilmbyAlPacino,whichfeaturesPacinoandJerryOrbach,issetinGreenwichVillagein1982.
TheCollectorofBedfordStreet(2002)isadocumentarysetinGreenwichvillage.ItisabouttheneighborhoodblockassociationonBedfordstreetsettingupatrustfundforamentallydisabledmannamedLarrySelman.[155]
InIAmLegend(2007),RobertNeville(WillSmith)livesinWashingtonSquare.
GreenwichVillageisthesettingfortherestaurant22BleeckerintheCatherineZeta-Jones,AaronEckhartandAbigailBreslinmovieNoReservations(2007).
InWanderlust(2012)thecharactersplayedbyPaulRuddandJenniferAnistonliveinaNewYorkCityapartmentlocatedintheWestVillage.
TheCoenbrothers'InsideLlewynDavis(2013)depictstheVillageintheearly1960s,focusingontheemergingfolkscene.[156]
IntheMarvelCinematicUniverselive—actionfilm,Avengers:InfinityWar(2018),abattlebetweenTonyStark,PeterParker,DoctorStrange,Wong,andtheBlackOrdertakesplaceintheVillage.
Games[edit]
Alex'sstageinStreetFighterIII:2ndImpacttakesplaceinGreenwichVillage.
GreenwichVillageisaplayablemultiplayermapintheFreedomFighters(2003)videogame.
Literature[edit]
Inhernon-fiction,JaneJacobsfrequentlycitesGreenwichVillageasanexampleofavibranturbancommunity,mostnotablyinher1961bookTheDeathandLifeofGreatAmericanCities.[157]
FrankandAprilWheelerofthenovelRevolutionaryRoad,andthefilmofthesamename,usedtoshareanapartmentonBethuneStreetintheWestVillagepriortotheeventsofthestory.[158]
O.Henry'sshortstory,"TheLastLeaf",issetinGreenwichVillage.
Theanti-heroofthebookMotherNightbyauthorKurtVonnegut,andthefilmofthesamename,HowardW.CampbellJr.,residesinGreenwichVillageafterWorldWarIIandpriortohisarrestbytheIsraelis.[159]
InLesleyM.M.Blume'schildren'snovel,CorneliaandtheAudaciousEscapadesoftheSomersetSisters,themaincharactersresideinGreenwichVillage.[160]
ThesuggestionofmovingtotheVillageshocksnewlywedNewYorkaristocratJamie"Rick"RicklehouseinNoraJohnson's1985novelTenderOffer.TheimplicationistellingoftheVillage'sreputationintheNewYorkofthe1960sbeforemassgentrificationwhenitwasperceivedaslowlyandbeneathupperclasssociety.[161]
InPhilipRoth'snovelTheHumanStainthemaincharacterColemanSilklivesintheVillagewhilestudyingatNYU.[162]
Music[edit]
CorneliaStreetbyTaylorSwiftiswrittenaboutthesingerstimeinGreenwichVillagewheresherentedanapartmentthere.
ThecoverphotoforTheFreewheelin'BobDylan(1963)ofDylanandhisthen-girlfriendSuzeRotolowastakenonJonesStreetnearWest4thStreetinGreenwichVillage,neartheirapartment.[163]
InaninterviewwithJannWenner,JohnLennonsaid,"IshouldhavebeenborninNewYork,IshouldhavebeenbornintheVillage,that'swhereIbelong."[164]
BuddyHollyandhiswifeMariaElenaSantiagolivedinApartment4HoftheBrevoortApartments,at11FifthAvenueinGreenwichVillage.Hereherecordedtheseriesofacousticsongs,including"Crying,Waiting,Hoping"and"WhattoDo,"knownasthe"ApartmentTapes,"whichwerereleasedafterhisdeath.[165]
Television[edit]
90BedfordStreet,usedforestablishingshotinFriends
TheABCsitcomBarneyMiller(1975–82)wassetatthefictional12thprecinctNYPDstationinGreenwichVillage.
TheCBSsitcomKate&Allie(1984–1989)wassetinGreenwichVillage.[166]
TheNBCsitcomFriends(1994–2004)issetintheVillage.CentralPerkwassupposedlyonMercerorHoustonStreet,downtheblockfromtheAngelikaFilmCenter;[d]andPhoebelivedat5MortonStreet.[e]ThebuildingintheexteriorshotofChandler,Joey,Rachel,andMonica'sapartmentbuildingisatthecornerofGroveandBedfordStreetsintheWestVillage.[167]Oneoftheshow'sworkingtitleswasOnceUponaTimeintheWestVillage.However,theaddressonRachel'sweddinginvitationis495GroveStreet,whichisactuallyinBrooklyn.
TheVillagefeaturesprominentlythroughoutthesixseasonsofMadMen.InSeason1,DonDraperishavinganaffairwithartistMidgeDaniels,wholivesintheVillage.InSeason4,DonmovestoanapartmentonWaverlyPlaceandSixthAvenue(specified,forexample,in"PublicRelations").AndinSeason6,BettyFrancisgoestoGreenwichVillagelookingforafamilyfriend,in"TheDoorway",andJoanHarrisandhergirlfriendKategoonanightonthetownthatculminatesattheElectricCircus,in"ToHaveandtoHold".[168][169]
OnSexandtheCity(1998–2004),exteriorshotsofCarrieBradshaw'sapartmentbuildingareof66PerryStreet,eventhoughheraddressisgivenasontheUpperEastSide.[citationneeded]
TheNBCSitcomTheCosbyShow(1984–92)madeseveralreferencestotheVillageduringitsrun,andthetownhouseusedforexteriorshots,thoughpurportedlysetinBrooklynforpurposesoftheshow,isactuallylocatedat10St.Luke'sPlace.[170]
MadAboutYouwassetintheVillage.TheBuchman'sapartmentbuildingwasat5thAvenue&12thStreet,justafewblocksnorthofWashingtonSquarePark.
TheRealWorld:BacktoNewYork,the2001seasonoftheMTVrealitytelevisionseriesTheRealWorld,wasfilmedintheVillage.[171]
VillageBarn(1948–50),thefirstcountrymusicshowonnetworktelevision(NBC)originatedfromanightclubofthesamenameinthebasementof52West8thStreet.
GreenwichVillageisthesettingforDisney'sWizardsofWaverlyPlaceandGirlMeetsWorld.
Theater[edit]
TheplayBell,BookandCandleispartlysetinGreenwichVillage.
Seealso[edit]
NewYorkCityportal
ListofNewYorkCityDesignatedLandmarksinManhattanbelow14thStreet
NationalRegisterofHistoricPlaceslistingsinManhattanbelow14thStreet
CedarTavern
GreenwichVillageSocietyforHistoricPreservation
TheChurchoftheAscension
VillageCareofNewYork
VillagePeople
TheMarketNYC
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
^DuringtheperiodofDutchcontroloverthearea,theVillagewascalledNoortwyck("NorthernDistrict",becauseofitslocationnorthoftheoriginalsettlementonManhattanIsland).(TheDutchcolonywasseizedbyGreatBritainin1664.)DutchcolonistYellisMandeville,whomovedtotheVillageinthe1670s,calleditGroenwijckafterthesettlementonLongIsland,wherehepreviouslylived.[6]
^TheelevenfreedBlackswerePauld'Angola,BigManuel,LittleManuel,ManueldeGerritdeRens,SimonCongo,AnthonyPortuguese.Gracia,PeterSantome,JohnFrancisco,LittleAnthonyandJohnFortOrange.[28]
^JamesBoormanJohnston(1822–1887)wasasonoftheprominentScottish-bornNewYorkmerchantJohnJohnston,inpartnershipwithJamesBoorman(1783–1866)asBoorman&Johnston,developersofWashingtonSquareNorth,andafounderofNewYorkUniversity;agroupportraitoftheJohnstonChildren1831,isattheMuseumoftheCityofNewYork[40]
^TheAngelikaFilmCenterwassaidtobe"uptheblock"fromCentralPerkin"TheOneWhereRossHugsRachel",thesixthseason'ssecondepisode,placingthecoffeehouseonMercerStreetorHouston.
^Thisaddresswasgiven"TheOneWithJoey'sNewBrain",episode7–15.
Citations[edit]
^ab"NYCPlanning|CommunityProfiles".communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov.NewYorkCityDepartmentofCityPlanning.RetrievedMarch18,2019.
^abcde"GreenwichVillageneighborhoodinNewYork".RetrievedMarch18,2019.
^"NationalRegisterInformationSystem".NationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces.NationalParkService.March13,2009.
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Externallinks[edit]
GreenwichVillageatWikipedia'ssisterprojectsMediafromWikimediaCommonsTravelguidesfromWikivoyageDatafromWikidata
GreenwichVillageSocietyforHistoricPreservation
Linkstorelatedarticles
vteNeighborhoodsintheNewYorkCityboroughofManhattanLowerManhattanbelow14thSt(CB1,2,3)
AlphabetCity
BatteryParkCity
Bowery
Chinatown
CivicCenter
CooperativeVillage
EastVillage
EssexCrossing
FinancialDistrict
GreenwichVillage
HudsonSquare
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