What's the difference between による, により and によって?

火事によって多くの森林が焼けてしまった。

今回の地震による津波の心配はない。

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今回の地震による津波の心配はない。

grammarword-choiceて-form Share Improvethisquestion Follow editedMar14'20at14:24 Chocolate♦ 66.5k55goldbadges8989silverbadges187187bronzebadges askedNov5'11at5:20 sogasoga 30111goldbadge44silverbadges44bronzebadges Addacomment  |  3Answers 3 Active Oldest Votes 30 Dependingonthecontext,theycanallmean: becauseof/dueto(areason): 震災{しんさい}によってたくさんの人の命が失われた。

Thereweremanypeoplewholosttheirlivesduetotheearthquake. by(amethod/way/means): 先生はテストにより、[学生]{がくせい}が[理解]{りかい}したかどうかをチェックする。

Teacherscheckifstudentsunderstandby(meansof)tests. by(identifiestheagentoftheaction,particularlyinapassivesentence): この機械{きかい}は誰によって[発明]{はつめい}されましたか？ Whowasthismachineinventedby? (justforcomparison,here'sthatasanactivesentencewithoutによって): この機械を発明したのは誰ですか？ Whoinventedthismachine? dependanton(whenhighlightingdifferences): 生活{せいかつ}習慣{しゅうかん}は国によって違う。

Lifestylesdifferdependingonthecountry. によってandによりareeffectivelythesameaccordingtoDaijirin,butによりissomewhatmoreformalthanによってaccordingtoDaijisen.I'lltrytobreakupyourexamplesentence(andaddoneforにより): 火事{かじ}によって多くの[森林]{しんりん}が焼{や}けてしまった。

Becauseofafiremanyforestsburntdown. 牛は角{つの}により人は言葉により捕{つか}まえられる。

Anoxistakenbythehornsandamanbyword. によるisslightlydifferent(i.e.によるisusedinthefollowingexamplebecauseit'stalkingaboutatsunamibecauseoftheearthquake): 今回の地震{じしん}による津波{つなみ}の心配{しんぱい}はない。

There'snoworryofatsunamibecauseoftheearthquakethistime. Share Improvethisanswer Follow editedNov7'11at3:05 answeredNov5'11at5:55 user797user797 2 Justtoclarify,によってcannottakeanounfollowingit,correct? – bright-star Mar10'14at9:52 1 Justtoaddabitofimportantinformationthathelpedmeunderstandthis.Despitebeingwritteninかな,thisよるcomesfrom因る(alsowrittenas依るitseems).Fromthere,differencesstemfromtheusualconjugations:てform(よって)toconnectsentencesanddictionaryform(よる)toclassifynames.Tonotethatthestemform(より)hasroughlythesamemeaningastheてformtoconnectevents.Onthisbasis,I'dsayyou'recorrect@bright-star. – Jak Sep10'20at14:34 Addacomment  |  19 によるmodifiesanoun,andbothによりandによってmodifyaverboranadjective. によりandによってarealmostsynonymous,althoughintheinformalcontext,によってismoreusualthanにより. Share Improvethisanswer Follow answeredNov6'11at0:42 TsuyoshiItoTsuyoshiIto 28k22goldbadges7979silverbadges137137bronzebadges Addacomment  |  -4 IendedupreachingthispostbecauseIwaslookingfortheanswerwhilereadingthroughthegrammarbutIthinkIfinallyunderstand. Likeuser797pointedout,によってisdependingon/accordingto. Butwhetherornotyouwereaskingthis,Ithinkwanttoknowthedifferencefromthatcomparedtobothによるandによると.I'massumignthisbecauseIwasthemostconfusedaboutthis.ThebookI'musingspecificallysaysthatAによるとBmeansTheinformationfrom'B'dependsontheactualsourcewhichis'A'. 人によって意見は違う。

Opinionsaredifferentdependingonthepeople.(nodirectsource) 彼によると悪い判断だった.Accordingtohim,itwasabaddecision.(directsourceishim) Share Improvethisanswer Follow answeredNov7'13at15:55 daviddavid 14544bronzebadges 1 7 Idon'tunderstandthisanswer.Areyousupplementingtheexistinganswerstotheoriginalquestion,orareyouposingyourownquestionandtryingtoanswerit?Ifit'sthelatter,youneedtomakethisquestionanewtopicatthesitelevel,notwithinthisanswer. – istrasci Nov7'13at16:02 Addacomment  |  YourAnswer ThanksforcontributingananswertoJapaneseLanguageStackExchange!Pleasebesuretoanswerthequestion.Providedetailsandshareyourresearch!Butavoid…Askingforhelp,clarification,orrespondingtootheranswers.Makingstatementsbasedonopinion;backthemupwithreferencesorpersonalexperience.Tolearnmore,seeourtipsonwritinggreatanswers. Draftsaved Draftdiscarded Signuporlogin SignupusingGoogle SignupusingFacebook SignupusingEmailandPassword Submit Postasaguest Name Email Required,butnevershown PostYourAnswer Discard Byclicking“PostYourAnswer”,youagreetoourtermsofservice,privacypolicyandcookiepolicy Nottheansweryou'relookingfor?Browseotherquestionstaggedgrammarword-choiceて-formoraskyourownquestion. FeaturedonMeta PleasewelcomeValuedAssociates#999-BellaBlueϩ-SalmonofWisdom Nowlive:Afullyresponsiveprofile Linked 2 Questionaboutにより 1 Usageofよってinthissentence Related 12 What'sthedifferencebetween心,念,and意? 4 What'sthedifferencebetween学科,教科and科目 4 What'sthedifferencebetween「〜とつきあう」and「〜につきあう」? 11 自分and自身,what'sthedifference 11 What'sthedifferencebetween完成and完了? 2 What'sthedifferencebetweenshokuji,ryouriandtabemono? 0 What'sthedifferencebetweendato,nanodeandkara? 9 Thedifferencebetween「N分で」and「後N分で」 3 What'sthedifferencebetween鍵and鑰? 4 What'sthedifferencebetween伸ばすand伸べる? HotNetworkQuestions Line/Squareformationswithautomaticriflesandsentientvehicles? WhatdistancedidtheApolloCSMgobeforeturningroundtopickuptheLunarmodule? HowcanIdistinguishbetweenafull7thchordanda7thchordwithouta5thinfiguredbass? ExplainhowtheThiefRogue'sUseMagicDeviceisn'toverpowered Addingwormstoclaysoil-worthit? Infiniteordinalsfromawell-ordering HowisCaptainAmericaabletowieldMjölnirexpertlyinEndgame? Whatmakesanendingtragic? ListingapplicationsoftheSVD Isthereanywhereyoucangotothe180thmeridianonfoot? Whyareparametrictestsmorepowerfulthannon-parametrictests? WhyisanarchmageonlyCR12? Whatisa'mod'inthemoviePebbleandtheboy WhydoobjectpronounsprecedethepredicateinFrench,whileR-expressionsfollowit? GUIsforQuantumChemistryandComputationalChemistry...Wherearethey? Whydodoctorsaskforyourrace? WhydoAmericanschoosewirenutsoverreusableterminalblockslikeWagooffers? Howclosetoablackholecananobjectorbitelliptically? Theanswerisstrangerthanyouthink HowcanIdoacartoon-likecannonfiringanimation? Doyouneedacurrentlimitingresistoronanenablepin? Iteratedlogarithmsinanalyticnumbertheory IsBabeRuth'sstatementmeaningful? Substituteforonionsweetness? morehotquestions Questionfeed SubscribetoRSS Questionfeed TosubscribetothisRSSfeed,copyandpastethisURLintoyourRSSreader. Yourprivacy Byclicking“Acceptallcookies”,youagreeStackExchangecanstorecookiesonyourdeviceanddiscloseinformationinaccordancewithourCookiePolicy. Acceptallcookies Customizesettings