Polymorphism in Python - GeeksforGeeks

In Python, Polymorphism lets us define methods in the child class that have the same name as the methods in the parent class. 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ImproveArticle SaveArticle LikeArticle DifficultyLevel: EasyLastUpdated: 04Aug,2021ReadDiscussViewDiscussion ImproveArticle SaveArticle LikeArticle WhatisPolymorphism:Thewordpolymorphismmeanshavingmanyforms.Inprogramming,polymorphismmeansthesamefunctionname(butdifferentsignatures)beingusedfordifferenttypes.Exampleofinbuiltpolymorphicfunctions:  Python3#Pythonprogramtodemonstratein-builtpoly-#morphicfunctions #len()beingusedforastringprint(len("geeks")) #len()beingusedforalistprint(len([10,20,30]))Output: 5 3 Examplesofuser-definedpolymorphicfunctions:  Python3#AsimplePythonfunctiontodemonstrate#Polymorphism defadd(x,y,z=0):    returnx+y+z #Drivercodeprint(add(2,3))print(add(2,3,4))Output: 5 9 Polymorphismwithclassmethods: ThebelowcodeshowshowPythoncanusetwodifferentclasstypes,inthesameway.Wecreateaforloopthatiteratesthroughatupleofobjects.Thencallthemethodswithoutbeingconcernedaboutwhichclasstypeeachobjectis.Weassumethatthesemethodsactuallyexistineachclass.  Python3classIndia():    defcapital(self):        print("NewDelhiisthecapitalofIndia.")     deflanguage(self):        print("HindiisthemostwidelyspokenlanguageofIndia.")     deftype(self):        print("Indiaisadevelopingcountry.") classUSA():    defcapital(self):        print("Washington,D.C.isthecapitalofUSA.")     deflanguage(self):        print("EnglishistheprimarylanguageofUSA.")     deftype(self):        print("USAisadevelopedcountry.") obj_ind=India()obj_usa=USA()forcountryin(obj_ind,obj_usa):    country.capital()    country.language()    country.type()Output: NewDelhiisthecapitalofIndia. HindiisthemostwidelyspokenlanguageofIndia. Indiaisadevelopingcountry. Washington,D.C.isthecapitalofUSA. EnglishistheprimarylanguageofUSA. USAisadevelopedcountry.  PolymorphismwithInheritance: InPython,Polymorphismletsusdefinemethodsinthechildclassthathavethesamenameasthemethodsintheparentclass.Ininheritance,thechildclassinheritsthemethodsfromtheparentclass.However,itispossibletomodifyamethodinachildclassthatithasinheritedfromtheparentclass.Thisisparticularlyusefulincaseswherethemethodinheritedfromtheparentclassdoesn’tquitefitthechildclass.Insuchcases,were-implementthemethodinthechildclass.Thisprocessofre-implementingamethodinthechildclassisknownasMethodOverriding.  Python3classBird:  defintro(self):    print("Therearemanytypesofbirds.")       defflight(self):    print("Mostofthebirdscanflybutsomecannot.")   classsparrow(Bird):  defflight(self):    print("Sparrowscanfly.")     classostrich(Bird):  defflight(self):    print("Ostrichescannotfly.")     obj_bird=Bird()obj_spr=sparrow()obj_ost=ostrich() obj_bird.intro()obj_bird.flight() obj_spr.intro()obj_spr.flight() obj_ost.intro()obj_ost.flight()Output: Therearemanytypesofbirds. Mostofthebirdscanflybutsomecannot. Therearemanytypesofbirds. Sparrowscanfly. Therearemanytypesofbirds. Ostrichescannotfly.  PolymorphismwithaFunctionandobjects: Itisalsopossibletocreateafunctionthatcantakeanyobject,allowingforpolymorphism.Inthisexample,let’screateafunctioncalled“func()”whichwilltakeanobjectwhichwewillname“obj”.Thoughweareusingthename‘obj’,anyinstantiatedobjectwillbeabletobecalledintothisfunction.Next,let’sgivethefunctionsomethingtodothatusesthe‘obj’objectwepassedtoit.Inthiscase,let’scallthethreemethods,viz.,capital(),language()andtype(),eachofwhichisdefinedinthetwoclasses‘India’and‘USA’.Next,let’screateinstantiationsofboththe‘India’and‘USA’classesifwedon’thavethemalready.Withthose,wecancalltheiractionusingthesamefunc()function:  Python3deffunc(obj):    obj.capital()    obj.language()    obj.type()  obj_ind=India()obj_usa=USA()  func(obj_ind)func(obj_usa)  Code:ImplementingPolymorphismwithaFunction  Python3classIndia():    defcapital(self):        print("NewDelhiisthecapitalofIndia.")      deflanguage(self):        print("HindiisthemostwidelyspokenlanguageofIndia.")      deftype(self):        print("Indiaisadevelopingcountry.")  classUSA():    defcapital(self):        print("Washington,D.C.isthecapitalofUSA.")      deflanguage(self):        print("EnglishistheprimarylanguageofUSA.")      deftype(self):        print("USAisadevelopedcountry.") deffunc(obj):    obj.capital()    obj.language()    obj.type()  obj_ind=India()obj_usa=USA()  func(obj_ind)func(obj_usa)Output: NewDelhiisthecapitalofIndia. HindiisthemostwidelyspokenlanguageofIndia. Indiaisadevelopingcountry. Washington,D.C.isthecapitalofUSA. EnglishistheprimarylanguageofUSA. USAisadevelopedcountry. MyPersonalNotes arrow_drop_upSave LikePreviousEncapsulationinPythonNext ClassorStaticVariablesinPythonRecommendedArticlesPage:22,Sep2025,Feb1631,Jul1906,Jun1911,Jun1911,Jun1912,Jun1917,Aug1902,Sep1926,Sep1904,Mar2021,Apr2026,Apr2028,May2031,Jul2013,Aug2015,Aug2002,Jan2116,Dec2116,Dec2109,Feb1603,Jan2128,Oct2124,Jul18ArticleContributedBy:Rahul_Roy@Rahul_RoyVotefordifficultyCurrentdifficulty: EasyEasy Normal Medium Hard ExpertImprovedBy:VeeraVeeraprakashmichaelrollinsArticleTags:PickedPython-Functionspython-inheritancePython-OOPpython-oop-conceptsTechnicalScripter2018PythonTechnicalScripterPracticeTags:pythonpython-functionsReportIssueWritingcodeincomment? Pleaseuseide.geeksforgeeks.org, generatelinkandsharethelinkhere. 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