Perception- Cognitive ability CogniFit

Perception is the ability to capture, process, and actively make sense of the information that our senses receive. It is the cognitive process that makes it ... AboutCookiesonthissite ThissiteusesCookiestoimproveyouronlineexperience.Bycontinuingtousethissitewithoutchangingyourcookiepreferenceswewillassumethatyouareagreeingtoouruseofcookies.Formoreinformation,ortochangeyourcookiepreferences,visitourcookiepolicy. Accept CogniFit- Perception CognitiveTests GeneralAssessment Driving Concentration Perception Memory Reasoning Coordination ReadingComprehension AcademicTest 55andOver CognitiveStimulation Whatcognitiveskillsdoweassess? 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Pleaseconfirmthattheuseofcognitivetrainingandassessmentisforyourstudents.Youaregoingtocreateastudentmanagementaccount.ThisaccountisdesignedtogiveyourstudentsaccesstoCogniFitevaluationsandtraining. TheformatoftheFirstNameenteredisnotcorrect Pleaseenteravalidemailaddress. Thereisanexistingaccountassociatedwiththisemail Thisfieldismandatory Thisfieldismandatory Invalidformat Whatisthepurposeofyourstudy? Projectforschool/university Doctoralthesis Researcheratauniversity Researcheratacompany/business Thisfieldismandatory Thisfieldismandatory Thisfieldismandatory Thisfieldismandatory Thisfieldismandatory Thisfieldismandatory Thisfieldismandatory Doyouplantopublishthestudyinapeer-reviewedjournal? Yes No Thisfieldismandatory DoyoualreadyhaveaCogniFitaccount? ContinuewithFacebook ContinuewithTwitter ContinuewithGoogle ContinuewithApple Forusers16yearsandolder.Childrenunder16canuseCogniFitwithaparentononeofthefamilyplatforms. Sendassessmentsandtrainingprogramstopatients Sendassessmentsandtrainingprogramstostudents Sendassessmentsandtrainingprogramstoyourchildrenorotherfamilymembers. Sendassessmentsandtrainingprogramstoresearchparticipants. ByclickingSignUporusingCogniFit,youareindicatingthatyouhaveread,understood,andagreetoCogniFit'sTerms&ConditionsandPrivacyPolicy. Perception Theabilityresponsibleforrecognition Whatisperception?TypesofPerceptionandNeuroanatomyPhasesofPerceptionExamplesofPerceptionAgnosiaandotherdisordersregardingperceptionHowCanyouMeasureandAssessPerception?HowCanyouRecoverorImprovePerception? Thispageisforinformationonly.Wedonotsellanyproductsthattreatconditions.CogniFit'sproductstotreatconditionsarecurrentlyinvalidationprocess.IfyouareinterestedpleasevisitCogniFitResearchPlatform Getaccesstoacompletebatteryofcognitiveteststoevaluateperception Identifyandassessthepresenceofalterationsordeficits Stimulateandimproveyourperceptionandothercognitivefunctions StartNow Whatisperception?Perceptionistheabilitytocapture,process,andactivelymakesenseoftheinformationthatoursensesreceive.Itisthecognitiveprocessthatmakesitpossibletointerpretoursurroundingswiththestimulithatwereceivethroughoutsensoryorgans.Thisimportantcognitiveabilityisessentialtoourdailylivesbecauseitmakesitpossibletounderstandoursurroundings.It'spossibletotrainandimproveperceptionwithcognitivestimulation.Itisanactiveprocessandrequiresthatweprocessinformationwithboth"bottom-up"and"top-down"processing,meaningthatwearenotonlydirectedbythestimulithatwereceive(passive,bottom-upprocessing)butthatweexpectandanticipatecertainstimulithatcontrolperception(active,top-upprocessing).TypesofPerceptionandNeuroanatomyPerceptionisacomplexprocessthatallowsustoconnectwiththesurroundingworld.Classically,itisdividedinfivesenses: Visual:Theabilitytoseeandinterpretlightinformationwithinthevisiblespectrumthatarrivestooureyes.Theareaofthebrainresponsibleforvisualperceptionistheoccipitallobe(primaryvisualcortexV1andsecondaryvisualcortexV2). Hearing:Abilitytoreceiveandinterpretinformationthatarrivestoourearsbyaudiblefrequencywavesthroughtheairoranothermean(sound).Thebrainpartinchargeofthebasicstageofauditoryperceptionisthetemporallobe(primaryauditorycortexA1andsecondaryauditorycortexA2).Touch,somatosensoryorhaptic:Thecapacitytointerpretinformationofpressureandvibrationreceivedonthesurfaceofourskin.Theparietallobeisthepartofthebrainresponsibleforthebasicstagesinhapticperception(primarysomatosensorycortexS1andsecondarysomatosensorycortexS2).Smellorolfactory:Theabilitytointerpretinformationofchemicalsubstancesdissolvedintheair(smell).Basicstagesoftheolfactoryperceptionaredonebytheolfactorybulb(primaryolfactorycortex)andthepiriformcortex(secondaryolfactorycortex).Taste:Theabilitytointerpretinformationfromchemicalsubstancesdissolvedinsaliva(taste).ThemainbrainareasincontrolofthebasicstagesaretheprimarytasteareasG1(postcentralinferiorgyrus,parietalventrallobe,anteriorinsula,fronto-parietalmedialoperculum)andsecundarytasteareasG2(caudolateralfrontalorbitalcortexandanteriorcingulatecortex).OthertypesofPerceptionApartfromtheclassicalfivesenses,todayweareawarethatthereareothertypesofperception: Spacial:theabilitytobeawareofyourrelationshipswiththeenvironmentaroundyouandwithyourself.Itisrelatedtothehapticandkinestheticperception.Form:theabilitytoretrieveinformationaboutthelimitsandaspectsofanentitythroughtheoutlineandcontrast.Itisrelatedtovisualandhapticperception.Vestibular:thecapacitytointerpretgravity'sforceaccordingtotherelativepositionofourheadandthefloor.Ithelpsmaintainbalanceandcontrolourposture.It'srelatedtoauditoryperception.Thermoceptionorthermal:theabilitytointerprettemperatureonthesurfaceofourskin.It'srelatedtothehapticperception.Nociperception:thecapacitytointerpretveryhighorverylow-temperaturestimuli,aswellasthepresenceofharmfulchemicalsorhigh-pressurestimuli.Itisrelatedtothehapticandthermoception.Itching:theabilitytointerpretharmfulstimulionourskinthatcausesscratching.It'srelatedtohapticperception.Propioception:theabilitytointerpretinformationaboutthepositionandstateofourmusclesandtendonswhichallowustobeawareofourpostureandinwhatareaiseachpartofourbody.Itisrelatedtothevestibularandhapticperception.Interoceptive:thecapacitytointerpretthesensationsthatindicatethestateofourinternalorgans.Time:Theabilitytointerpretchangesinstimuliandbeabletoorganizethemintime.Kinesthetic:theabilitytointerpretinformationaboutmovementandvelocityofoursurroundingsandourownbody.Itisrelatedtovisual,spatial,time,haptic,interoceptive,propioceptionandvestibularperception.Chemosensory:theabilitytointerpretchemicalsubstancesdissolvedinsalivathattranslateintostrongtastes.Itisrelatedtotasteperceptionbutthetwousedifferentstructures.Magnetoreceptionormagnetoception:thecapacitytointerpretinformationfrommagneticfields.Itismoredevelopedinanimalslikepigeons.However,ithasbeendiscoveredthathumansalsohavemagneticmaterialintheethmoid(anosebone),makingitpossibleforhumanstohavemagnetoception. PhasesofPerceptionPerceptionisnotasingleprocessthathappensspontaneously.Instead,itisaseriesofphasesthattakeplaceinorderforthecorrectappreciationofstimulitooccur.Forexample,toperceivevisualinformation,it'snotenoughforlighttoreflectoffanobjectandthisstimulatingourretinalreceptorcellsforthemtosendthisinformationtothecorrectbrainareas.Forittohappen,allofthatisnecessary.However,itisanactiveprocess,wherewehavetoselect,organizeandinterprettheinformationsenttothebrain:Selection:Thenumberofstimuliweareexposeddailyexceedsourcapacity.Forthisreason,weneedtofilterandchoosetheinformationwewanttoperceive.Thisselectionisdonethroughourattention,experiences,necessitiesandpreferences.Organization:Onceweknowwhattoperceive,weneedtogatherthestimuliingroupsinordertogivethemmeaning.Inperception,thereissynergy,sinceitisanoverallrecognitionofwhatisperceivedanditcan'tbereducedtoseparatestimulicharacteristics.AccordingtoGestaltprinciples,stimuliorganizationisnotrandombutinsteaditfollowsspecificcriteria.Interpretation:Whenwehaveorganizedalltheselectedstimuli,wethenproceedtogivethemmeaning,completingtheperceptionprocess.Theinterpretationprocessismodulatedbyourexperienceandexpectations.OtherGestaltprinciplesOtherGestaltprincipleshighlighttheperson'sroleinthisprocess,designatingathreestagesequence:Step1:Firsthypothesisaboutwhatweareabouttoperceive.Thiswillguidetheselection,organizationandinterpretationofthestimuli.Step2:Entranceofthesensoryinformation.Step3:Contrastthefirsthypothesiswiththesensoryinformationobtained. ExamplesofPerceptionIt'simportanttoidentifyontimeanyperceptiveproblemthatthestudentmighthave.Thiswillallowustoapplythemeansnecessarysonoauditoryinformationislost(whattheprofessorsays)orvisualinformation(thetextontheboardandbooks). Acorrectperceptionhelpsworkersdotheirjobefficiently.Artistsareaclearexampleoftheimportanceofitintheprofessionalworld.However,anyjobrequires,inagreaterorlessermanner,sometypeofperception:sweepers,taxidrivers,designers,policemen,cashiers,builders,etc. Perceivingroadsigns,aswellassoundsfromyourowncar,isessentialindrivingsafely. Itmakesitpossibleforustoadvanceinourenvironmentandinteractwithit.Groceryshopping,playingavideogame,cookinganddoinglaundryrequirethatweusealloursenses.AgnosiaandotherdisordersregardingperceptionInsomecircumstances,perceptionmaynotreflectrealitywithoutthisbeingpathological.These"failures"inperceptionmaybeillusionsorhallucinations. Illusionsrefertoanerroneousinterpretationofarealexternalstimulus,whilehallucinationsconsistofanerroneousperceptionwithoutthepresenceofarealexternalstimulus.Theseperceptualexperiencescanhappenwithanyexistingpathologies,theyaremainlycausedbyphysiologicalorcognitivecharacteristicsofthesystemoralteredstates(substanceabuseorsleep).Anexampleofillusionwouldbethewell-knownopticalillusions(perceivingtwoidenticalcoloursdifferently,perceivingmovementinastaticimage,etc.).Themostcommonhallucinationsarehypnagogic(whenyouarefallingasleepandperceiveafigure,soundorfeellikesomeoneistouchingyou),hypnopompic(samesensationsbutwhenyouarewakingup)andtheonesderivedfromconsuminghallucinogenicdrugs(suchasLSDorhallucinogenicmushroomsthatprovokemoreelaboratehallucinations).Nonetheless,illusionsandhallucinationscanalsobepathological,relatedwithschizophrenia,psychosisepisodes,delusionalideas.Perceptioncanalsobealteredbydamagetooursensoryorgans(forexample,aneyeinjury),damageinthepathwaysthattakethesensoryinformationtothebrain(forexample,glaucoma)orinthebrainareasinchargeofperception(forexample,aninjuryintheoccipitalcortex).Adamageinanyofthesethreepointscanalterthenormalperceptionofstimuli.ThemostcommonperceptiondisorderisAgnosia.Thisdisorderentailsadifficultyindirectingandcontrollingperception,aswellasbehaviouringeneral.Therearetwotypes:Perceptivevisualagnosia(canseepartsofanobjectbutisincapableofunderstandingtheobjectasawhole)andAssociativevisualagnosia(understandstheobjectasawholebutcanplacewhatobjectisit).It'sdifficulttounderstanditthroughthesedisorderssinceeventhoughtheycansee,forthemitisasimilarsensationtobeingblind.Therearealsomorespecificdisorders,suchasakinetopsia(inabilitytoseemovement),achromatopsia(inabilitytoseecolours),prosopagnosia(inabilitytorecognizefamiliarfaces),auditiveagnosia(inabilitytorecognizeanobjectbysound,and,inthecaseofverbalinformation,personwithagnosiawouldn'tbeabletorecognizethelanguageassuch),amusia(inabilitytorecognizeorreproducemusicaltonesorrhythms).Thesedisordersareproducedbybraindamagessuchasictus,braintraumaor,evenaneurodegenerativedisease.HowCanyouMeasureandAssessPerception?Perceptionevaluationcanbeofgreathelpindifferentaspectsoflife:inacademicfields(toknowifastudentneedsextrahelptoperceivetheinformationinclass),inclinicalfields(toknowifapatientwillpresentdifficultiesinrelationtotheenvironment)orinprofessionalfields(toknowifaworkerneedssupportduetoaperceptiveproblem).Throughacompleteneuropsychologicalevaluationwecanmeasureitandothercognitiveabilitiesefficientlyandreliably.CogniFitusesanumberofclassictestsasabasisformanyofitstasks,liketheStroopTest,theTestofVariablesofAttention(TOVA),theTestofMemoryMalingering(TOMM),ContinuousPerformanceTest(CPT),HooperVisualOrganizationTask(VOT),theNEPSYtest(Korkman,Kirk,Kemp,1998).Inadditiontoperception,thesetestsalsomeasurenaming,contextualmemory,responsetime,workingmemory,updating,visualmemory,processingspeed,dividedattention,focusedattention,hand-eyecoordination,shifting,inhibition,andvisualscanning.IdentificationTestCOM-NAM:Objectswillbepresentedeitherwithanimageorasound.Theuserhastosayhowtheobjectwaspresented(imageorsound)thelasttimeitwaspresented.Ifitisthefirsttimethattheobjectispresented,theuserwillhavetochoosethecorrespondingoption. ProgrammingTestVIPER-PLAN:Movetheballthroughthemazeinasfewmovesandasquicklyaspossible. ConcentrationTestVISMEM-PLAN:Stimulionthescreenwillilluminateandplayasoundinacertainorder.Asthestimuliisbeingpresented,theusermustpaycloseattentionsothattheywillbeabletorepeatitinthesameorderthatitwaspresented. InquiryTestREST-COM:Objectswillappearforashortperiodoftime.Theuserwilllaterhavetochoosetheoptionthatcorrespondstotheobjectspresentedasquicklyaspossible. DecodingTestVIPER-NAM:Imageswillappearonthescreenforashortperiodoftimebeforetheydisappear.Fourletterswillthenappearonthescreen,oneofwhichcorrespondstothefirstletteroftheobjectshown.Theuserwillhavetochoosethecorrectletterasquicklyaspossible. SpeedTestREST-HECOOR:Abluesquarewillappearonthescreen.Theusermustclickasquicklyandasmanytimesaspossibleinthemiddleofthesquare.Themoretimestheuserclicks,thehigherthescore. RecognitionTestWOM-REST:Aseriesofthreeobjectswillappearonthescreen.Theusermustmemorizetheorderinwhichtheyaredisplayedandlaterchoosethecorrectorderfromaselection. ResolutionTestREST-SPER:Anumberofmovingstimuliwillappearonthescreen.Theuserhastoclickonthetargetstimuliasquicklyaspossible,withoutclickingonirrelevantstimuliComponentsofPerceptionVisualPerceptionAuditoryPerceptionSpatialPerceptionRecognitionFieldofView HowCanyouRecoverorImprovePerception?Everycognitiveskill,includingperception,canbetrainedandimproved.Brainplasticityisthebasisofperceptionrehabilitationandothercognitiveskills.Thebrainanditsneuralconnectionscanbestrengthenedbychallengingandworkingthem,sobyfrequentlytrainingtheseskills,thebrainstructuresrelatedtoitwillbecomestronger.CogniFitwascreatedbyateamofprofessionalsspecializedintheareaofneurogenesisandsynapticplasticity,whichishowwewereabletocreateapersonalizedcognitivestimulationprogramthatwouldbetailoredtotheneedsofeachuser.Thisprogramstartswithanevaluationtoassessperceptionandanumberofotherfundamentalcognitivedomains,andbasedontheresults,createsapersonalizedbraintrainingprogramforeachuser.Theprogramautomaticallycollectsthedatafromthisinitialcognitiveassessment,and,withtheuseofsophisticatedalgorithms,createsaprogramthatworksonimprovingtheuser'scognitiveweaknessesandtrainingtheircognitivestrengths.Thekeytoimprovingitisadequateandconsistenttraining.CogniFithasprofessionalassessmentandtrainingtoolstohelpbothindividualsandprofessionalsoptimizethisfunction.Itonlytakes15minutesaday,twotothreetimesaweek.CogniFit'sassessmentsandstimulationprogramsareavailableonlineandcanbepracticedonmostcomputersandmobiledevices.Theprogramismadeupoffun,interactivebraingames,andattheendofeachtrainingsession,theuserautomaticallyreceivesadetailedgraphhighlightingtheuser'scognitiveprogress.References:EvelynShatil,JaroslavaMikulecká,FrancescoBellotti,VladimírBurěs-NovelTelevision-BasedCognitiveTrainingImprovesWorkingMemoryandExecutiveFunction-PLoSONEJuly03,2014.10.1371/journal.pone.0101472KorczynAD,PeretzC,AharonsonV,etal.-ComputerbasedcognitivetrainingwithCogniFitimprovedcognitiveperformanceabovetheeffectofclassiccomputergames:prospective,randomized,doubleblindinterventionstudyintheelderly.Alzheimer's&Dementia:TheJournaloftheAlzheimer'sAssociation2007;3(3):S171.PeretzC,KorczynAD,ShatilE,AharonsonV,BirnboimS,GiladiN.-Computer-Based,PersonalizedCognitiveTrainingversusClassicalComputerGames:ARandomizedDouble-BlindProspectiveTrialofCognitiveStimulation-Neuroepidemiology2011;36:91-9.KorczynAD,PeretzC,AharonsonV,etal.-ComputerbasedcognitivetrainingwithCogniFitimprovedcognitiveperformanceabovetheeffectofclassiccomputergames:prospective,randomized,doubleblindinterventionstudyintheelderly.Alzheimer's&Dementia:TheJournaloftheAlzheimer'sAssociation2007;3(3):S171.ShatilE,KorczynAD,PeretzcC,etal.-Improvingcognitiveperformanceinelderlysubjectsusingcomputerizedcognitivetraining-Alzheimer's&Dementia:TheJournaloftheAlzheimer'sAssociation2008;4(4):T492.HaimovI,ShatilE(2013)CognitiveTrainingImprovesSleepQualityandCognitiveFunctionamongOlderAdultswithInsomnia.PLoSONE8(4):e61390.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061390ThompsonHJ,DemirisG,RueT,ShatilE,WilamowskaK,ZaslavskyO,ReederB.-TelemedicineJournalandE-healthDateandVolume:2011Dec;17(10,):794-800.Epub2011Oct19. 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