BALB/c - Wikipedia

BALB/c is an albino, immunodeficient laboratory-bred strain of the house mouse from which a number of common substrains are derived. BALB/c FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch BALB/cmice BALB/cisanalbino,immunodeficientlaboratory-bredstrainofthehousemousefromwhichanumberofcommonsubstrainsarederived.Nowover200generationsfromNewYorkin1920,BALB/cmicearedistributedglobally,andareamongthemostwidelyusedinbredstrainsusedinanimalexperimentation.[1] Contents 1History 2Characteristics 3Seealso 4Externallinks 5References History[edit] Animaltesting Mainarticles Animaltesting Alternativestoanimaltesting Animaltestingregulations Historyofanimaltesting Historyofmodelorganisms IACUC Laboratoryanimalsources Painandsufferinginlaboratoryanimals Testingcosmeticsonanimals Toxicologytesting Vivisection Testingon Invertebrates Frogs Primates Rabbits Rodents Issues Medicalresearch Animalrights ·Animalwelfare Animals(ScientificProcedures) Greataperesearchban Internationalprimatetrade Cases BrownDogaffair CambridgeUniversityprimates Pitofdespair SilverSpringmonkeys UCR1985laboratoryraid UnnecessaryFuss Companies JacksonLaboratory CharlesRiverLaboratories Covance ·Harlan HuntingdonLifeSciences UKlabanimalsuppliers Nafovanny ·ShamrockFarm Groups/campaigns AALAS ·AAAS ·ALF AmericansforMedicalProgress BoydGroup ·CrueltyFreeInternational Dr.HadwenTrust FoundationforBiomedicalResearch FRAME NationalAnti-VivisectionSociety NewEnglandAnti-VivisectionSociety PETA ·PhysiciansCommitteeforResponsibleMedicine PrimateFreedomProject Pro-Test SPEAKcampaign ·SHAC SpeakingofResearch UnderstandingAnimalResearch Writers/activists TipuAziz MichaelBalls NealD.Barnard ColinBlakemore SimonFesting GillLangley IngridNewkirk BernardRollin JerryVlasak SyedZiaurRahman Categories Animaltesting Animalrights Animalwelfare vte ThefoundinganimalsofthestrainwereobtainedbyHalseyJ.BaggofMemorialHospital,NewYork,fromamousedealerinOhioin1913.ThenameBALBisaconcatenationofBaggandAlbino.From1920,theprogenyoftheoriginalcolonyweresystematicallyinbred,siblingtosibling,for26generationsover15years.Duringthistime,thecolonypassedthroughthecareofanumberofscientists,includingC.C.LittleandE.C.MacDowellattheCarnegieInstitutionofWashingtonandH.J.MullerattheUniversityofTexasatAustin.[2]By1935theanimalswereinthepossessionofMuller'sstudent,GeorgeDavisSnell,whomovedthemtoTheJacksonLaboratory.ThisstockprovidedthebasisofalltheBALB/csubstrainsthatarenowinusearoundtheworld.[3] SnellprovidedsomeanimalsfromthisstocktotheNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH)tomaintain.In1961D.W.BaileyusedsomeofthesetogenerateasubstrainattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.In1974,now136generationsfromtheoriginalbreedingpair,theseanimalswerereturnedtoTheJacksonLaboratoryandwerenamedBALB/cByJ.[3]On16November2005,TheJacksonLaboratoryreportedthissubstrainhadreachedits235thgeneration.[4] Snellalsoprovidedacolleague,J.PaulScott,withsomeBALB/cbreedingstockin1938or1939.[2]WhenafiredestroyedthemainJacksonLaboratorybuildingsin1947,[5]allofSnell'soriginalbreedingstockperished,butScott'smicewereinadifferentbuildingandsurvived.Scottdonatedstockback,atgeneration41,torepopulatethecolony.TheprogenyofthesearenowtermedBALB/cJand,asof14December2006,were221generationsfromthefoundingstock.[6]Otherlesspopularsubstrains,suchasBALB/cWt,aremaintainedattheJacksonLaboratory,whiletheBALB/cNsubstrainismaintainedbytheNIH.[3] Characteristics[edit] BALB/cnudemicefromUniversityofTartu,thatlackathymusandareunabletoproduceT-cellsandarethereforeimmunodeficient. BALB/cmiceareusefulforresearchintobothcancerandimmunology.AccordingtoMichaelFesting'sInbredStrainsofMice,[1]BALB/csubstrainsare"particularlywellknownfortheproductionofplasmacytomasoninjectionwithmineraloil,"animportantprocessfortheproductionofmonoclonalantibodies.Theyarealsoreportedashavinga"lowmammarytumourincidence,[1]butdodevelopothertypesofcancersinlaterlife,mostcommonlyreticularneoplasms,lungtumours,andrenaltumours.[4][6]Mostsubstrainshavea"longreproductivelife-span",[1]arenotedfordisplayinghighlevelsofanxietyandforbeingrelativelyresistanttodiet-inducedatherosclerosis,makingthemausefulmodelforcardiovascularresearch.[4][6] TherearenoteddifferencesbetweendifferentBALB/csubstrains,thoughthesearethoughttobeduetomutationratherthangeneticcontamination.[7]Forexample,maleBALB/cmiceareaggressiveandwillfightothermalesifhousedtogether.However,theBALB/Lacsubstrainismuchmoredocile.[8]TheBALB/cWtisalsounusualinthat3%ofprogenydisplaytruehermaphroditism.[9] Seealso[edit] Animalmodel Animaltestingonrodents C57BL/6 Externallinks[edit] JacksonLaboratory'smousestrains TaconicBiosciences'BALB/cmodel Balb/cmice-HorizonDiscovery(deadlink) References[edit] WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoInbredBALBCmice. ^abcd"BALB/c".InbredStrainsofMice.JacksonLaboratory.Retrieved16April2007. ^abPotterM.HistoryoftheBALB/cfamily,pp1-5.In:TheBALB/cMouse:GeneticsandImmunology,CurrentTopicsinMicrobiologyandImmunology,Vol.122.Springer-Verlag,NY.1985. ^abc"ABriefHistoryoftheTwoSubstrainsofBALB/c,BALB/cJ,andBALB/cByJ".JaxMiceLiterature.JacksonLaboratory.Archivedfromtheoriginalon19June2011.Retrieved2010-09-30. ^abc"BALB/cByJ".JaxMiceDataSheet.JacksonLaboratory.Archivedfromtheoriginalon16November2006.Retrieved16April2007. ^"TheJacksonLaboratoryMilestones:1940-1949".TheJacksonLaboratoryTimeline.JacksonLaboratory.Archivedfromtheoriginalon15September2007.Retrieved2007-04-16. ^abc"BALB/cJ".JaxMiceDataSheet.JacksonLaboratory.Archivedfromtheoriginalon11April2007.Retrieved16April2007. ^HilgersJ.,vanNieR.,IvanyiD.,HilkensJ.,MichalidesR.,deMoesJ.,Poort-KeesomR.,KroezenV.,vonDeimlingO.,KominamiR.,andHolmesR.(1985)GeneticdifferencesinBALB/csublines.Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol.122,19-30. ^SouthwickC.H.andClarkL.H.(1966)Aggressivebehaviourandexploratoryactivityinfourteenmousestrains.Am.Zool.6,559. ^EicherE.M.,BeamerW.G.,WashburnL.L.,andWhittenW.K.(1980)AcytogeneticinvestigationofinheritedtruehermaphroditisminBALB/cWtmice.Cytogenet.CellGenet.28,104-115. 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