Secondary school - Wikipedia

United States: High school (North America) (usually grades 9–12 but sometimes 10–12, it is also called senior high school) is always considered secondary ... Secondaryschool FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Institutionand/orbuildingwheresecondaryeducationisprovided "Highschool"redirectshere.Forotheruses,seeHighschool(disambiguation). CamberwellHighSchool,apublicsecondaryschoolinAustralia Asecondaryschooldescribesaninstitutionthatprovidessecondaryeducationandalsousuallyincludesthebuildingwherethistakesplace.Somesecondaryschoolsprovidebothlowersecondaryeducation(age12to15)anduppersecondaryeducation(age15to18)i.e.levels2and3oftheISCEDscale,butthesecanalsobeprovidedinseparateschools,asintheAmericanmiddleandhighschoolsystem.IntheUK,elitepublicschoolstypicallyadmitpupilsbetweentheagesof13and18.UKstateschoolsaccommodatepupilsbetweentheagesof11-16or11–18. Secondaryschoolsfollowonfromprimaryschoolsandprepareforvocationalortertiaryeducation.Attendanceisusuallycompulsoryforstudentsuntilage16.Theorganisations,buildings,andterminologyaremoreorlessuniqueineachcountry.[1][2] Contents 1Levelsofeducation 2Terminology:descriptionsofcohorts 3Legalframework 4Theoreticalframework 5Buildingdesignspecifications 6Secondaryschoolsbycountry 7Seealso 8References 9Externallinks Levelsofeducation[edit] IntheISCED2011educationscale[3]levels2and3correspondtosecondaryeducationwhichareasfollows: Lowersecondaryeducation-Firststageofsecondaryeducationbuildingonprimaryeducation,typicallywithamoresubject-orientedcurriculum.Studentsaregenerallyaround12–16yearsold.[3] Uppersecondaryeducation-Secondstageofsecondaryeducationandfinalstageofformaleducationforstudentstypicallyaged16–18,preparingfortertiary/adulteducationorprovidingskillsrelevanttoemployment.Usuallywithanincreasedrangeofsubjectoptionsandstreams.[3] Terminology:descriptionsofcohorts[edit] WithintheEnglish-speakingworld,therearethreewidelyusedsystemstodescribetheageofthechild.Thefirstisthe'equivalentages';thencountriesthatbasetheireducationsystemsonthe'Englishmodel'useoneoftwomethodstoidentifytheyeargroup,whilecountriesthatbasetheirsystemsonthe'AmericanK-12model'refertotheiryeargroupsas'grades'.TheIrishmodelisstructuredsimilarlytotheEnglishmodel,buthavesignificantdifferencesintermsoflabels.Thisterminologyextendsintotheresearchliterature.Belowisaconvenientcomparison[4] Secondarycohorts Equivalentages 11–12 12–13 13–14 14–15 15–16 16–17 17–18 UnitedStates grades 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 nicknames Freshman Sophomore Junior Senior UnitedKingdom England/Wales(forms) First Second Third Fourth Fifth LowerSixth UpperSixth England/Wales(year) 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Scotland S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 NorthernIreland(year) 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 RepublicofIreland OtherNames JuniorCycle JuniorCycle JuniorCycle TransitionYear SeniorCycle SeniorCycle Class&year 6thClass 1stYear 2ndYear 3rdYear 4thYear 5thYear 6thYear Jamaica Forms First Second Third Fourth Fifth LowerSixth(6B) UpperSixth(6A) Year 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Grouping LowerSchool UpperSchool SixthFormProgramme ISCEDlevel 2 2 2 3 3 3 3[4] Legalframework[edit] Schoolsexistwithinastrictlegalframework,wheretheymaybeanswerabletothechurch,thestatethroughlocalauthoritiesandtheirstakeholders.InEngland(butnecessarilyinotherpartsoftheUnitedKingdom)therearesixgeneraltypesofstatefundedschoolsrunninginparalleltotheprivatesector.Thestatetakesaninterestinsafeguardingissuesinallschools.Allstate-fundedschoolsinEnglandarelegallyrequiredtohaveawebsitewheretheymustpublishdetailsoftheirgovernance,finance,curriculumintentandstaffandpupilprotectionpoliciestocomplywith'TheSchoolInformation(England)(Amendment)Regulations2012and2016'.Ofstedmonitorsthese.[5][6] Theoreticalframework[edit] HighschoolinBratislava,Slovakia(Gamča) Schoolbuildingdesigndoesnothappeninisolation.Thebuilding(orschoolcampus)needstoaccommodate: Curriculumcontent Teachingmethods Costs Educationwithinthepoliticalframework Useofschoolbuilding(alsointhecommunitysetting) Constraintsimposedbythesite Designphilosophy Eachcountrywillhaveadifferenteducationsystemandpriorities.[7]Schoolsneedtoaccommodatestudents,staff,storage,mechanicalandelectricalsystems,supportstaff,ancillarystaffandadministration.Thenumberofroomsrequiredcanbedeterminedfromthepredictedrolloftheschoolandtheareaneeded. AccordingtostandardsusedintheUnitedKingdom,ageneralclassroomfor30studentsneedstobe55 m2,ormoregenerously62 m2.Ageneralartroomfor30studentsneedstobe83 m2,but104 m2for3Dtextilework.Adramastudiooraspecialistsciencelaboratoryfor30needstobe90 m2.Examplesaregivenonhowthiscanbeconfiguredfora1,200placesecondary(practicalspecialism).[8]and1,850placesecondaryschool.[9] Buildingdesignspecifications[edit] Thefirsttaxpayer-fundedpublicschoolintheUnitedStateswasinDedham,Massachusetts. Thered-brickbuildingoftheKallavesiHighSchoolinKuopio,Finland. Thebuildingprovidingtheeducationhastofulfilltheneedsof:Thestudents,theteachers,thenon-teachingsupportstaff,theadministratorsandthecommunity.Ithastomeetgeneralgovernmentbuildingguidelines,healthrequirements,minimalfunctionalrequirementsforclassrooms,toiletsandshowers,electricityandservices,preparationandstorageoftextbooksandbasicteachingaids.[10]Anoptimumsecondaryschoolwillmeettheminimumconditionsandwillhave: adequatelysizedclassrooms; specializedteachingspaces; astaffpreparationroom; anadministrationblock; multipurposeclassrooms; ageneralpurposeschoolhall; laboratoriesforscience,technology,mathematicsandlifesciences,asmayberequired; adequateequipment; alibraryorlibrarystocksthatareregularlyrenewed;and computerroomsormediacentres.[10] Governmentaccountantshavingreadtheadvicethenpublishminimumguidelinesonschools.Theseenableenvironmentalmodellingandestablishingbuildingcosts.Futuredesignplansareauditedtoensurethatthesestandardsaremetbutnotexceeded.Governmentministriescontinuetopressforthe'minimum'spaceandcoststandardstobereduced. TheUKgovernmentpublishedthisdownwardlyrevisedspaceformulain2014.Itsaidthefloorareashouldbe1050m2(+350m2ifthereisasixthform)+6.3m2/pupilplacefor11-to16-year-old's+7m2/pupilplaceforpost-16s.Theexternalfinishesweretobedowngradedtomeetabuildcostof£1113/m2.[11] Secondaryschoolsbycountry[edit] Foramorecomprehensivelist,seeListofsecondaryeducationsystemsbycountry. HugoTreffnerGymnasiuminTartu,Estonia RangpurCadetCollegeisoneoftheCadetcollegesinBangladesh,whichisquitewellknownforitsqualitySecondaryandIntermediateeducation,alongwithawell-disciplinedboardingsystem. Asecondaryschoollocallymaybecalledhighschoolorseniorhighschool.Insomecountriestherearetwophasestosecondaryeducation(ISCED2)and(ISCED3),herethejuniorhighschool,intermediateschool,lowersecondaryschool,ormiddleschooloccursbetweentheprimaryschool(ISCED1)andhighschool. Namesforsecondaryschoolsbycountry Argentina:secundariaorpolimodal,escuelasecundaria Australia:highschool,secondarycollege Austria:Gymnasium(Ober-&Unterstufe),Hauptschule,HöhereBundeslehranstalt(HBLA),HöhereTechnischeLehranstalt(HTL) Azerbaijan:ortaməktəb Bangladesh:MaddhomikBiddalayorSeconderySchool(grades6-10) Bahamas,The:juniorhigh(grades7–9),seniorhigh(grades10–12) Belgium:lagereschool/écoleprimaire,secundaironderwijs/écolesecondaire,humaniora/humanités Bolivia:educaciónprimariasuperior(grades6–8)andeducaciónsecundaria,(grades9–12) BosniaandHerzegovina:srednjaškola(literallymiddleschool),gimnazija(gymnasium) Brazil:ensinomédio(officially),segundograu(formerly) Brunei:mostlysekolahmenengah(Englishtranslation:secondaryschool),afewmaktab(Englishtranslation:college) Bulgaria:cреднообразование(grades8–12) Canada:Highschool,juniorhighormiddleschool,secondaryschool,écolesecondaire,collegiateinstitute,polyvalente Chile:enseñanzamedia China:zhongxue(中学;literally,middleschool),consistingofchuzhong(初中;初级中学;literallylow-levelmiddleschool)fromgrades7to9andgaozhong(高中;高级中学;literallyhigh-levelmiddleschool)fromgrades10to12 HongKong:Secondaryschool(中學zung1hok6) Macau:Escolasecundária(中學zung1hok6):schoolswithsecondarysectionshaveEnsinosecundário(中學教育zung1hok6gaau3juk6) Colombia:bachillerato,segundaenseñanza(literallysecondlearning) Croatia:srednjaškola(literallymiddleschool),gimnazija(gymnasium) Cyprus:Γυμνάσιο(gymnasium),ΕνιαίοΛύκειο(Lyceum) CzechRepublic:středníškola(literallymiddleschool),gymnázium(gymnasium),středníodbornéučiliště Denmark:gymnasium DominicanRepublic:nivelmedio,bachillerato Egypt:ThanawyaAmma(ثانويةعامة),(publicsecondarycertificate) Estonia:uppersecondaryschool,gymnasium,Lyceum Fiji:highschool,college Finland:lukio(Finn.)gymnasium(Swed.) France:collège(junior),lycée(senior) Germany:Gymnasium,Gesamtschule,Realschule,Hauptschule,Fachoberschule Greece:Γυμνάσιο(3years)(gymnasium),ΓενικόΛύκειο(3years)(~1996,2006~present),ΕνιαίοΛύκειο(3years),(1997~2006)(lyceum) Hungary:gimnázium(grammarschool),középiskola(comprehensiveschool,lit."middle-school"),szakközépiskola(vocationalsecondaryschool,lit."specifiedmiddle-school") Iceland:framhaldsskóli(menntaskóli,iðnskóli,fjölbrautaskóli)from11-13Grade.Afterelementaryschool(grades1through10),studentshavetheoptionofenteringaframhaldsskóli(lit.continuationschool),whichwilltakeatleast3years. India:secondaryschool,highersecondaryschool Indonesia:sekolahmenengahatas(SMA)(lit."uppermiddleschool"),sekolahmenengahpertama(SMP)(lit."firstmiddleschool"),sekolahmenengahkejuruan(SMK)(vocationalschool,lit."middlevocationalschool") Ireland:MeánscoilorSecondarySchool Iran:MadreseRahnamaie(مدرسهراهنمایی),(publicsecondarycertificate) Israel:BetSeferTichon(ביתספרתיכון)(literallymiddleschool,butinrealitygrades9-12) Italy:scuolasecondariadiprimogrado(3years)+scuolasecondariadisecondogrado(5years):Liceo,IstitutoTecnicoandIstitutoprofessionale Jamaica:HighSchool(publicschool7–13),colleges(grand-aidedschools7–13) Japan:chūgakkō(中学校;literallymiddleschool),kōtōgakkō(高等学校;literallyhighschool),chūtōkyōikugakkō(中等教育学校;SecondarySchool)–Inthepre-Meijieducationalsystem,theequivalentwascalled"chūsei" Latvia:vidusskola(literallymiddleschool) Liechtenstein:gymnasium Lithuania:vidurinėmokykla(literallymiddleschool),gimnazija(gymnasium),licėjus(lyceum) Malaysia:secondaryschoolorsekolahmenengah,sometimeshighschoolisused Malta:skolasekondarjaorsecondaryschool Mexico:educaciónsecundariaypreparatoria Mongolia:бүрэндундсургууль Morocco:InArabic:Junior :MadrasaI'dadiaTa'hilia"(مدرسةإعداديةتأهيلية/preparativequalificativeschool) ;Senior :MadrasaI'dadiaThanawia"(مدرسةإعداديةثانوية/preparativesecondaryschool)-InFrench:lycée Netherlands:middelbareschoolorvoortgezetonderwijs NewZealand:highschool,collegeorsecondaryschool Nigeria:Secondaryschool,Juniororseniorsecondaryschool Norway:videregåendeskole Pakistan:secondaryschool,highersecondaryschool Paraguay:educaciónmedia Peru:educaciónsecundariaorescuelasecundaria Philippines:mataasnapaaralan;canbedividedinto"juniorhighschool"(grades7–10)and"seniorhighschool"(grades11–12) Poland:liceum(grades9–12),technikum(technicalsecondaryschool) Portugal:2ºCiclodoEnsinoBásico(5thand6thgrades),3ºCiclodoEnsinoBásico(7thto9thgrades),andEnsinoSecundário,Liceu(10thto12thgrades) Romania:gimnaziu(grades5–8),liceu(grades9–12) Russia:средняяшкола(literallymiddleschool);grades5–9juniormiddleschool(compulsory),grades10–11seniormiddleschool(voluntary) Serbia:gymnasium(4years),professionalschools(4years),vocationalschools(3or4years) SouthAfrica:HighSchoolorHoërskool Singapore:Secondaryschool(MaybereferredtoasHighSchoolorinotherofficiallanguagesofSingapore) SouthKorea:중고등학교(中高等學校・Chung'godŭnghakkyo),중등교육(Chungdŭng'gyoyuk;literallymiddleeducation),comprising중학교(Chunghakkyo;theLowersecondaryschool,years7–9,thoughreferredtoas"middleschoolgrades1–3")and고등학교(Kodŭnghakkyo;theUppersecondaryschool,years10–12,thoughreferredtoas"highschoolgrades1–3") Spain:educaciónsecundaria,composedoftwocycles:E.S.O.(EducaciónSecundariaObligatoria,compulsorysecondaryeducation,4years,7thto10thgrade)andbachillerato(non-compulsorysecondaryeducation,2years,11thand12thgrade);formerly(forthosebornuntil31December1983),primaryeducationcompriseduptothe8thgradeandthesecondaryeducationwascomposedoftwonon-compulsorycycles:B.U.P.(BachilleratoUnificadoPolivalente,3years,9thto11thgrade)andC.O.U.(CursodeOrientaciónUniversitaria,1year,12thgrade) SriLanka:juniorsecondaryschool,seniorsecondaryschool Sweden:gymnasium Switzerland:gymnasium,secondaryschool, collègeorlycée Taiwan:JuniorHighSchool(國民中學),SeniorHighSchool(高級中學),VocationalHighSchool(高級職業中學),MilitarySchool(軍校),andCompleteHighSchool(完全中學). Thailand:matthayommasueksa(มัธยมศึกษา;lit."Secondaryeducation") TrinidadandTobago:SecondarySchool,Forms1to5(5years)orForms1-6(7years) Turkey:Lise Ukraine:середняшкола(literallymiddleschool);grades5–9juniormiddleschool(compulsory),grades10–12seniormiddleschool(voluntary) UnitedKingdom EnglandandWales:secondaryschool(maybereferredtoashighschool) NorthernIreland:secondaryschoolorgrammarschool Scotland:highschooloracademy UnitedStates:Highschool(NorthAmerica)(usuallygrades9–12butsometimes10–12,itisalsocalledseniorhighschool)isalwaysconsideredsecondaryeducation;juniorhighschoolorintermediateschoolormiddleschool(6–8,7–8,6–9,7–9,orothervariations)aresometimesconsideredsecondaryeducation. Uruguay:LiceoorSecundaria(3yearsofcompulsoryeducation:CicloBásico;and3yearsofspecialization:BachilleratoDiversificado,into:Humanities(LaworEconomics),Biology(MedicineorAgronomy),Science(EngineeringorArchitecture),andArt Venezuela:bachillerato Vietnam:Trunghọccơsở(abbreviatedTHCS,lit."basicmiddleschool",equivalenttojuniorhighschoolintheU.S.);trunghọcphổthông(abbr.THPT,lit."generalmiddleschool",equivalenttoseniorhighschoolintheU.S.) Seealso[edit] Kindergarten Listofschoolsbycountry Secondaryeducation Tertiaryeducation EducationportalSchoolsportal References[edit] ^"InternationalStandardClassificationofEducationISCED1997".www.unesco.org.11April2013.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2017-03-19.Retrieved2017-03-12. ^Iwamoto,Wataru(2005)."TowardsaConvergenceofKnowledgeAcquisitionandSkillsDevelopment"(PDF).uis.unesco.org.UNESCO.Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on2017-05-25.Retrieved11March2017. ^abc"InternationalStandardClassificationofEducationISCED2011"(PDF).UNESCOUIS.UNESCOInstituteforStatistics.2012.p. 38.Archived(PDF)fromtheoriginalonNovember26,2020.RetrievedNovember30,2020. ^abWard,Ken."BritishandAmericanSystems(Grades)".trans4mind.com.Archivedfromtheoriginalon31March2017.Retrieved30March2017. ^"Whatacademies,freeschoolsandcollegesshouldpublishonline".GOV.UK.Archivedfromtheoriginalon9October2020.Retrieved6October2020. ^"Whatmaintainedschoolsmustpublishonline".GOV.UK.Archivedfromtheoriginalon9October2020.Retrieved6October2020. ^LiewKok-Pun,Michael(1981)."Designofsecondaryschools:Singaporeacasestudy"(PDF).EducationalBuildingreports.Voume17:UNESCO.p. 37.Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on2017-04-04.Retrieved3April2017.CS1maint:location(link) ^"Baselinedesigns:1,200placesecondary(practicalspecialism)-GOV.UK".www.gov.uk.GOV.UK.Archivedfromtheoriginalon5April2017.Retrieved4April2017. ^"Baselinedesign:1,850placesecondaryschool-GOV.UK".www.gov.uk.gov.uk.Archivedfromtheoriginalon5April2017.Retrieved4April2017. ^ab"Guidelinesrelatingtoplanningforpublicschoolinfrastructure".DepartmentofBasicEducation,RepublicofSouthAfrica.2012.Archivedfromtheoriginalon7September2015.Retrieved3April2017. ^"Baselinedesignsforschools:guidance-GOV.UK".www.gov.uk.EducationFundingAgency.11March2014.Archivedfromtheoriginalon4April2017.Retrieved3April2017. Externallinks[edit] WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoHighschoolsandsecondaryschools. AustralianCensusAtSchool(Australia) CanadianEducationStatisticsCouncil(CESC)(UnitedStates) OfficeforNationalStatistics(ONS)(UnitedKingdom) BB103_Area_Guidelines_for_Mainstream_Schools(2014)UK NationalCenterforEducationStatistics(NCES)(UnitedStates) OECDStandardiseddesigns(2011) vteEducationbycountryAfrica Algeria Nigeria Somalia SouthAfrica Zimbabwe Americas Argentina Brazil Canada Chile Mexico Colombia Cuba Venezuela UnitedStates Asia Bangladesh Brunei China HongKong India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Malaysia Pakistan Philippines SaudiArabia Singapore SouthKorea Taiwan Vietnam Europe Belgium CzechRepublic Finland Estonia France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Malta Moldova TheNetherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden UnitedKingdom(EnglandandWales;Scotland;N.Ireland) Oceania Australia NewZealand  Schoolsportal vteSchooltypesByeducationalstageEarlychildhood Preschool Pre-kindergarten Kindergarten Primary Elementaryschool Firstschool Infantschool Juniorschool Primaryschool Secondary Adulthighschool Cadetcollege Collegiateinstitute Comprehensivehighschool Comprehensiveschool Continuationhighschool Grammarschool Gymnasium Highschool Lyceum Secondaryschool Sixthformcollege Studioschool University-preparatoryschool Universitytechnicalcollege Upperschool Tertiary Professionalschool Technicalschool Vocationalschool Higher Academy College Communitycollege Graduateschool Instituteoftechnology Juniorcollege Liberalartscollege Researchuniversity Seminary University Upperdivisioncollege Vocationaluniversity Combined All-throughschool Middleschool One-roomschools Ranchschool Byfunding/eligibility Academy(England) Charterschool Communitydayschool Comprehensiveschool(British) For-profiteducation Freeeducation Freeschool(England) Independentschool UKIndependentschool preparatory public Selectiveschool Separateschool Sinkschool Stateorpublicschool State-integratedschool(NewZealand) Bystyle/method Alternativeschool Boardingschool Catholicschool Christianschool Dayschool Democraticeducation Folkhighschool Freeskool Homeschooling Internationalschool Madrasa Magnetschool Musicschool Parochialschool Progressiveeducation Freeschoolmovement Laboratoryschool Montessorischool Waldorfschool Sudburyschool Virtualschool Vocalschool Yeshiva Byscope Collegepreparatory Compensatoryeducation Compulsoryeducation Continuingeducation Furthereducation Giftededucation Remedialeducation Specialeducation Historical Ancienthigher-learninginstitutions PlatonicAcademy Lyceum Monasticschools Cathedralschools Medievaluniversities Schoolsimposedonindigenouspeoples inCanada inNewZealand intheUnitedStates inSouthAfrica Informalorillegal inIreland inGreece inSouthTyrol Relatedtopics K–12 Educationalinstitution  Schoolsportal Category Commons vteStagesofformaleducationEarlychildhoodeducationPrimaryeducationSecondaryeducationTertiaryeducation Preschool→Kindergarten→ Primaryschool→ Infant→Junior→ Secondaryschool→ Middleschool→Highschool→ Highereducation VocationalFurther(Continuing) Undergraduate→Postgraduate  Alternativeeducation Homeschooling Adulteducation Portal Authoritycontrol IntegratedAuthorityFile(Germany) Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Secondary_school&oldid=1056356637" Categories:HighschoolsandsecondaryschoolsSchoolterminologySchooltypesEducationalstagesHighschoolsHiddencategories:CS1maint:locationArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionisdifferentfromWikidataArticlescontainingVietnamese-languagetextCommonscategorylinkisonWikidataArticleswithGNDidentifiers Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk Variants expanded collapsed Views ReadEditViewhistory More expanded collapsed Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommonsWikiquote Languages AfrikaansAkanالعربيةবাংলাBân-lâm-gúBosanskiBrezhonegČeštinaCymraegDeutschEestiEsperantoفارسیGaeilgeGàidhligગુજરાતી한국어ՀայերենHrvatskiעבריתJawaಕನ್ನಡКыргызчаМакедонскиमराठी日本語NorskbokmålNorsknynorskPolskiPortuguêsRunaSimiShqipSimpleEnglishSlovenčinaSlovenščinaСрпски/srpskiSrpskohrvatski/српскохрватскиSuomiTagalogTürkçeУкраїнськаاردوTiếngViệt文言粵語Zazaki中文 Editlinks