The Human Protein Atlas

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MENU HELP NEWS HUMANPROTEINATLASSECTIONS TISSUE BRAIN SINGLECELLTYPE TISSUECELLTYPE PATHOLOGY IMMUNECELL BLOODPROTEIN SUBCELLULAR CELLLINE METABOLIC NEWS NEWSARTICLES EVENTS PRESSROOM SARS-COV-2 LEARN DICTIONARY PROTEINCLASSES PROTEINEVIDENCE METHODS EDUCATIONALVIDEOS THEPROJECT INTRODUCTION HISTORY ORGANIZATION PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONDATA ANTIBODYSUBMISSION ANTIBODYAVAILABILITY ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CONTACT TECHNICALDATA ANTIBODYVALIDATION ASSAYS&ANNOTATION DISCLAIMER DOWNLOADABLEDATA HELP&FAQ LICENCE&CITATION PRIVACYSTATEMENT RELEASEHISTORY Search Fields» e.g. ACE2, GFAP, EGFR AND NOT Field AllGenenameProteinclassUniprotkeywordChromosomeExternalidTissueexpression(IHC)PatientID(IHC)Tissuecategory(RNA)Tissueexpressioncluster(RNA)Reliabilityscoretissue(IHC)Brainregioncategory(RNA)Mousebraincategory(RNA)Pigbraincategory(RNA)ReliabilityscoremousebrainCelltypecategory(RNA)Singlecelltypeexpressioncluster(RNA)Celltypeenrichment(RNA)PrognosticcancerCancercategory(RNA)Immunecellcategory(RNA)Immunecelllineagecategory(RNA)Immunecellexpressioncluster(RNA)SecretomeannotationSubcellularlocation(ICC)Subcellularlocation-cellline(ICC)SubcellularCellCyclePeakPhaseReliabilityscorecells(ICC)Celllinecategory(RNA)Celllineexpressioncluster(RNA)MetabolicpathwayEvidencesummaryUniProtevidenceNeXtProtevidenceHPAevidenceProteinarray(PA)Westernblot(WB)Immunohistochemistry(IHC)Immunocytochemistry(ICC)WithantibodiesHasproteindataSortby Term Genename Class BloodgroupantigenproteinsCancer-relatedgenesCandidatecardiovasculardiseasegenesCDmarkersCitricacidcyclerelatedproteinsDiseaserelatedgenesEnzymesFDAapproveddrugtargetsG-proteincoupledreceptorsHumandiseaserelatedgenesImmunoglobulingenesMappedtoneXtProtMappedtoUniProtSWISS-PROTMetabolicproteinsNuclearreceptorsPlasmaproteinsPotentialdrugtargetsPredictedintracellularproteinsPredictedmembraneproteinsPredictedsecretedproteinsProteinevidence(Ezkurdiaetal2014)Proteinevidence(Kimetal2014)RASpathwayrelatedproteinsRibosomalproteinsRNApolymeraserelatedproteinsT-cellreceptorgenesTranscriptionfactorsTransportersVoltage-gatedionchannels Subclass Class BiologicalprocessMolecularfunctionDisease Keyword Chromosome 12345678910111213141516171819202122MTUnmappedXY Externalid Tissue AnyAdiposetissueAdrenalglandAppendixBonemarrowBreastBronchusCartilageCaudateCerebellumCerebralcortexCervixChoroidplexusColonDorsalrapheDuodenumEndometriumEpididymisEsophagusEyeFallopiantubeGallbladderHairHeartmuscleHippocampusHypothalamusKidneyLactatingbreastLiverLungLymphnodeNasopharynxOralmucosaOvaryPancreasParathyroidglandPituitaryglandPlacentaProstateRectumRetinaSalivaryglandSeminalvesicleSkeletalmuscleSkinSmallintestineSmoothmuscleSofttissueSoleoffootSpleenStomachSubstantianigraTestisThymusThyroidglandTonsilUrinarybladderVagina Celltype Expression PatientID Tissue AnyAdiposetissueAdrenalglandBonemarrowBrainBreastCervixChoroidplexusEndometriumEpididymisEsophagusFallopiantubeGallbladderHeartmuscleIntestineKidneyLiverLungLymphoidtissueOvaryPancreasParathyroidglandPituitaryglandPlacentaProstateRetinaSalivaryglandSeminalvesicleSkeletalmuscleSkinSmoothmuscleStomachTestisThyroidglandTongueUrinarybladderVagina Category TissueenrichedGroupenrichedTissueenhancedLowtissuespecificityNotdetectedDetectedinallDetectedinmanyDetectedinsomeDetectedinsingleIshighestexpressed Cluster 79:Adrenalgland-Steroidmetabolism87:B-cells-Adaptiveimmuneresponse66:B-cells-Immuneresponse61:Bonemarrow-Differentiation28:Bonemarrow&Brain-Smellperception&Nucleosome6:Brain-Iontransport51:Brain-Myelination7:Brain-Neuropeptidesignaling24:Brain-Synapticfunction73:Brain-Transcriptionregulation16:Brain-Unknownfunction17:Choroidplexus-Iontransport81:Ciliatedcells-Ciliumassembly22:Ciliatedcells-Ciliumorganization41:Epididymis-Antimicrobialactivity80:Esophagus-Epithelialjunctions57:Fibroblasts-ECMorganization59:Fibroblasts-Hormonesignaling2:Gastrointestinal-Glycosylation11:Heart-Cardiacmusclecontraction18:Immunecells-Chemokinesignaling62:Immunecells-Transcription&Translation23:Intestine-Lipidmetabolism60:Intestine-Mucinproduction77:Intestine-Transmembranetransport55:Intestine-Vesiculartransport86:Intestine&Liver-Lipidmetabolism50:Kidney-Transmembranetransport25:Liver-Aminoacidmetabolism74:Liver-Hemostasis76:Liver-Lipidmetabolism63:Liver-Metabolism&Coagulation54:Liver-Oxidoreductaseactivity72:Lung-Lunghomeostasis33:Macrophages-Immuneresponse71:Neutrophils-Humoralimmuneresponse12:Neutrophils-Inflammatoryresponse69:Non-specific-Angiogenesis9:Non-specific-Cellcycleregulation58:Non-specific-Microtubuleorganization84:Non-specific-Mitochondria26:Non-specific-Mitochondria&Proteasome44:Non-specific-Ribosome56:Non-specific-Transcription49:Non-specific-Translation32:Non-specific-TransportviaER52:Non-specific-Unknownfunction64:Pancreas-Digestion20:Pancreas-Unknownfunction53:Parathyroidgland-Hormonesignaling42:Pituitarygland-Hormonesignaling8:Placenta-Pregnancyhormonesignaling67:Prostate-Unknownfunction43:Retina-Phototransduction19:Retina-Visualperception4:Salivarygland-Antimicrobialactivity45:Skin-Epidermisdevelopment78:Skin-Epithelialjunctions35:Skin-Keratinization1:Skin-Unknownfunction46:Stomach-Digestion65:Striatedmuscle-Actionpotentialtransmission39:Striatedmuscle-Musclecontraction70:T-cells-Adaptiveimmuneresponse68:Testis-Chromatinorganization83:Testis-Meiosis37:Testis-Organellemovement48:Testis-Spermatiddevelopment82:Testis-Spermatogenesis85:Testis-Unknownfunction75:Thyroidgland-Neuronalsignaling Reliability EnhancedSupportedApprovedUncertain Brainregion AnyAmygdalaBasalgangliaCerebellumCerebralcortexHippocampalformationHypothalamusMedullaoblongataMidbrainOlfactorybulbPonsSpinalcordThalamusWhitematter Category RegionenrichedGroupenrichedRegionenhancedLowregionspecificityNotdetectedDetectedinallDetectedinmanyDetectedinsomeDetectedinsingleIshighestexpressed Brainregion AnyAmygdalaBasalgangliaCerebellumCerebralcortexHippocampalformationHypothalamusMidbrainOlfactorybulbPituitaryglandPonsandmedullaRetinaThalamusWhitematter Category RegionenrichedGroupenrichedRegionenhancedLowregionspecificityNotdetectedDetectedinallDetectedinmanyDetectedinsomeDetectedinsingleIshighestexpressed Brainregion AnyAmygdalaBasalgangliaCerebellumCerebralcortexHippocampalformationHypothalamusMedullaoblongataMidbrainOlfactorybulbPituitaryglandPonsRetinaSpinalcordThalamusWhitematter Category RegionenrichedGroupenrichedRegionenhancedLowregionspecificityNotdetectedDetectedinallDetectedinmanyDetectedinsomeDetectedinsingleIshighestexpressed Reliability SupportedApproved Celltype AnyAdipocytesAlveolarcellstype1Alveolarcellstype2AstrocytesB-cellsBasalkeratinocytesBasalprostaticcellsBasalrespiratorycellsBasalsquamousepithelialcellsBipolarcellsBreastglandularcellsBreastmyoepithelialcellsCardiomyocytesCholangiocytesClubcellsCollectingductcellsConephotoreceptorcellsCytotrophoblastsDendriticcellsDistalenterocytesDistaltubularcellsDuctalcellsEarlyspermatidsEndometrialciliatedcellsEndometrialstromalcellsEndothelialcellsEnteroendocrinecellsErythroidcellsExcitatoryneuronsExocrineglandularcellsExtravilloustrophoblastsFibroblastsGastricmucus-secretingcellsGlandularandluminalcellsGranulocytesGranulosacellsHepaticstellatecellsHepatocytesHofbauercellsHorizontalcellsInhibitoryneuronsIntestinalgobletcellsIonocytesKupffercellsLangerhanscellsLatespermatidsLeydigcellsMacrophagesMelanocytesMicroglialcellsMonocytesMullergliacellsNK-cellsOligodendrocyteprecursorcellsOligodendrocytesPancreaticendocrinecellsPanethcellsPeritubularcellsPlasmacellsProstaticglandularcellsProximalenterocytesProximaltubularcellsRespiratoryciliatedcellsRodphotoreceptorcellsSertolicellsSkeletalmyocytesSmoothmusclecellsSpermatocytesSpermatogoniaSquamousepithelialcellsSuprabasalkeratinocytesSyncytiotrophoblastsT-cellsThecacellsUndifferentiatedcellsUrothelialcells Category CelltypeenrichedGroupenrichedCelltypeenhancedLowcelltypespecificityNotdetectedDetectedinallDetectedinmanyDetectedinsomeDetectedinsingleIshighestexpressed Cluster 14:Adipocytes&Endothelialcells-Angiogenesis11:Alveolarcells-Smellperception64:Astrocytes-Nervoussystemmaintenance57:B-cells-Immuneresponse56:Bipolarcells-Visualperception54:Cardiomyocytes-Musclecontraction43:Cardiomyocytes-Nuclearprocesses49:Ciliatedcells-Ciliumorganization47:Cytotrophoblasts-Unknownfunction29:Earlyspermatids-Spermatogenesis44:Endometrium-Transcription45:Enterocytes-Digestion22:Epithelialcelltypes-Mixedfunction6:Erythroidcells-Oxygentransport38:Extravilloustrophoblasts-Unknownfunction50:Fibroblasts-ECMorganization35:Glandularcells-Unknownfunction60:Granulocytes-Receptorsignaling40:Granulosacells-Unknownfunction15:Hepatocytes-Hemostasis2:Hepatocytes-Metabolism62:Horizontalcells-Visualperception17:Intestinalendocrinecells-Hormonesignaling53:Intestinalepithelialcells-Unknownfunction28:Keratinocytes-Keratinization41:Macrophages-Immuneresponse4:Macrophages-Innateimmuneresponse30:Mammaryglandularcells-Lactation3:Monocytes-Immuneresponseregulation19:Monocytes&Neutrophils-Innateimmuneresponse27:Mucus-secretingcells-Mucinproduction51:Myeloidcells-Hemostasis37:Myocytes-Musclecontraction21:Neurons&Oligodendrocytes-Neuronalsignaling8:Neurons&Oligodendrocytes-Synapticfunction63:NK-cells&T-cells-Immuneresponse39:Non-specific-Basiccellularprocesses12:Non-specific-Cellcycleregulation7:Non-specific-Mitochondria59:Non-specific-Transcription24:Non-specific-Transcriptionregulation32:Non-specific-Translation68:Oligodendrocytes-Mixedfunction42:Oligodendrocytes-Myelinsheathorganization1:Pancreas-Digestion16:Pancreaticendocrinecells-Mixedfunction46:Photoreceptorcells-Phototransduction55:Plasmacells-Humoralimmuneresponse65:PlasmacytoidDCs-Unknownfunction67:Proximaltubularcells-Tubularreabsorption26:Respiratoryepithelialcells-Mucosaldefense48:Smoothmusclecells-ECMorganization10:Smoothmusclecells-Unknownfunction23:Spermatids-Flagellum&Golgiorganization31:Spermatids-Spermatogenesis34:Spermatids-Unknownfunction66:Spermatocytes-Spermatogenesis13:Spermatocytes&Spermatogonia-Spermatogenesis20:Spermatogonia&Spermatocytes-Spermatogenesis61:Squamousepithelialcells-Cornification36:Stromalcells-Cellproliferation18:Syncytiotrophoblasts-Pregnancyhormonesignaling58:T-cells-T-cellreceptor Tissue AdiposesubcutaneousAdiposevisceralBreastColonHeartmuscleKidneyLiverLungPancreasProstateSkeletalmuscleSkinStomachTestisThyroid Celltype Enrichment VeryhighHighModerate Cancer BreastcancerCervicalcancerColorectalcancerColorectalcancerEndometrialcancerGliomaHeadandneckcancerLivercancerLungcancerLungcancerMelanomaOvariancancerPancreaticcancerProstatecancerRenalcancerRenalcancerRenalcancerStomachcancerTestiscancerThyroidcancerUrothelialcancer Prognosis FavorableUnfavorable Cancer AnyBreastcancerCervicalcancerColorectalcancerEndometrialcancerGliomaHeadandneckcancerLivercancerLungcancerMelanomaOvariancancerPancreaticcancerProstatecancerRenalcancerStomachcancerTestiscancerThyroidcancerUrothelialcancer Category CancerenrichedGroupenrichedCancerenhancedLowcancerspecificityNotdetectedDetectedinallDetectedinmanyDetectedinsomeDetectedinsingleIshighestexpressed Celltype AnyBasophilClassicalmonocyteEosinophilGdT-cellIntermediatemonocyteMAITT-cellMemoryB-cellMemoryCD4T-cellMemoryCD8T-cellMyeloidDCNaiveB-cellNaiveCD4T-cellNaiveCD8T-cellNeutrophilNK-cellNon-classicalmonocytePlasmacytoidDCT-regTotalPBMC Category ImmunecellenrichedGroupenrichedImmunecellenhancedLowimmunecellspecificityNotdetectedinimmunecellsNotdetectedDetectedinallDetectedinmanyDetectedinsomeDetectedinsingleIshighestexpressed Celllineage AnyB-cellsDendriticcellsGranulocytesMonocytesNK-cellsT-cells Category LineageenrichedGroupenrichedLineageenhancedLowlineagespecificityNotdetectedDetectedinallDetectedinmanyDetectedinsingleIshighestexpressed Cluster 23:Antigenpresentingcells-Antigenpresentation21:B-cells-Adaptiveimmuneresponse43:B-cells-Humoralimmuneresponse37:B-cells-Transcription24:B-cells-Unknownfunction41:Basophils-Cellularrespiration46:Basophils-DNAbinding38:Basophils-Unknownfunction18:Basophils-Vesiculartransport45:Eosinophils-Innateimmuneresponse52:Eosinophils-Transcription49:Eosinophils-Unknownfunction36:GdT-cells-Adaptiveimmuneresponse5:Granulocytes-Unknownfunction16:MAIT-cells-Unknownfunction25:Monocytes-Inflammatoryresponse51:Monocytes-Innateimmuneresponse14:Monocytes-Unknownfunction28:MyeloidDCs-Unknownfunction50:Neutrophils-Cellularsenescence33:Neutrophils-Chromatinorganization8:Neutrophils-Inflammatoryresponse9:Neutrophils-Innateimmuneresponse1:Neutrophils-Mixedfunction15:NK-cells-Transcription48:NK-cells-Unknownfunction12:Non-specific-Basiccellularprocesses27:Non-specific-Geneexpression31:Non-specific-Inflammatoryresponse26:Non-specific-Mitochondria39:Non-specific-mRNAprocessing44:Non-specific-Transcription30:Non-specific-Translation47:PlasmacytoidDCs-Proteinfolding29:PlasmacytoidDCs-Unknownfunction20:T-cells-T-cellreceptor32:T-cells-Unknownfunction4:T-regs-Cellcycleregulation35:T-regs-Unknownfunction Annotation ImmunoglobulingenesIntracellularandmembraneSecreted-unknownlocationSecretedinbrainSecretedinfemalereproductivesystemSecretedinmalereproductivesystemSecretedinothertissuesSecretedtobloodSecretedtodigestivesystemSecretedtoextracellularmatrix Location ActinfilamentsAggresomeCellJunctionsCentriolarsatelliteCentrosomeCleavagefurrowCytokineticbridgeCytoplasmicbodiesCytosolEndoplasmicreticulumEndosomesFocaladhesionsitesGolgiapparatusIntermediatefilamentsKinetochoreLipiddropletsLysosomesMicrotubuleendsMicrotubulesMidbodyMidbodyringMitochondriaMitoticchromosomeMitoticspindleNuclearbodiesNuclearmembraneNuclearspecklesNucleoliNucleolifibrillarcenterNucleolirimNucleoplasmPeroxisomesPlasmamembraneRods&RingsVesicles Searches EnhancedSupportedApprovedUncertainIntensityvariationSpatialvariationCCDproteinmitoticstructureCCDproteininterphaseCellcycledependentproteinCellcycleindependentproteinCellcycledependenttranscriptCellcycleindependenttranscriptMultilocalizingLocalizing1Localizing2Localizing3Localizing4Localizing5Localizing6MainlocationAdditionallocation Location AnyActinfilamentsAggresomeCellJunctionsCentriolarsatelliteCentrosomeCleavagefurrowCytokineticbridgeCytoplasmicbodiesCytosolEndoplasmicreticulumEndosomesFocaladhesionsitesGolgiapparatusIntermediatefilamentsKinetochoreLipiddropletsLysosomesMicrotubuleendsMicrotubulesMidbodyMidbodyringMitochondriaMitoticchromosomeMitoticspindleNuclearbodiesNuclearmembraneNuclearspecklesNucleoliNucleolifibrillarcenterNucleolirimNucleoplasmPeroxisomesPlasmamembraneRods&RingsVesicles Cellline AnyA-431A549AF22ASCTERT1BJCACO-2EFO-21FHDF/TERT166GAMGHaCaTHAP1HBEC3-KTHBFTERT88HDLM-2HEK293HELHeLaHepG2HTCEpiHTEC/SVTERT24-BHTERT-HME1HTERT-RPE1HUVECTERT2JURKATK-562LHCN-M2MCF7NB-4OE19PC-3REHRH-30RPTECTERT1RT4SH-SY5YSiHaSK-MEL-30SuSaTHP-1U-2OSU-251MG Type ProteinRna Phase G1SG2 Reliability EnhancedSupportedApprovedUncertain Cellline AnyA-431A549AF22AN3-CAASCdiffASCTERT1BEWOBJBJhTERT+BJhTERT+SV40LargeT+BJhTERT+SV40LargeT+RasG12VCACO-2CAPAN-2DaudiEFO-21FHDF/TERT166GAMGHaCaTHAP1HBEC3-KTHBFTERT88HDLM-2HEK293HELHeLaHepG2HHSteCHL-60HMC-1HSkMCHTCEpiHTEC/SVTERT24-BHTERT-HME1HTERT-RPE1HUVECTERT2JURKATK-562Karpas-707LHCN-M2MCF7MOLT-4NB-4NTERA-2OE19PC-3REHRH-30RPMI-8226RPTECTERT1RT4SCLC-21HSH-SY5YSiHaSK-BR-3SK-MEL-30SuSaT-47dTHP-1TIMEU-138MGU-2OSU-2197U-251MGU-266/70U-266/84U-698U-87MGU-937WM-115 Category CelllineenrichedGroupenrichedCelllineenhancedLowcelllinespecificityNotdetectedDetectedinallDetectedinmanyDetectedinsomeDetectedinsingleIshighestexpressed Cluster 23:AN3-CA-Transcriptionregulation28:BEWO-Transcriptionregulation10:BJ&FHDF-ECMorganization39:CACO-2-Unknownfunction38:EFO-21-Unknownfunction42:Epithelialcelllines-Epithelialcellfunction30:Epithelialcelllines-Translation44:HDLM-2-Immuneresponse19:HEK293&PC-3-Transcriptionregulation36:HEL-Hemostasis20:HeLa-Mitochondria37:HepG2-Hepatocytecellprocesses3:HMC-1-Innateimmuneresponse22:JURKAT&MOLT-4-Adaptiveimmuneresponse1:K-562-Erythropoiesis2:Karpas-707-Immuneresponse4:Mesenchymalcelllines-Antiviralimmuneresponse34:Mesenchymalcelllines-ECMorganization24:NB-4-Immuneresponse12:NES-Nervoussystemdevelopment40:Non-specific-Basiccellularprocesses26:Non-specific-Cellcycleregulation5:NTERA-2-Transcription21:OE19-Mitochondria14:REH-Unknownfunction31:RH-30&LHCN-M2-Musclecontraction11:RPE1&U-87MG-Synapticfunction25:RPMI-8226-Immuneresponse35:RPTEC-TERT1-Kidneyprocesses15:RT4-Unknownfunction7:SCLC-21H-Neuronalsignaling13:SH-SY5Y-Nervoussystemdevelopment8:SK-BR-3-Unknownfunction33:SK-MEL-30-Melanocyteprocesses6:T47d-Mammarygland43:THP-1-Innateimmuneresponse41:TIME&HUVEC/TERT2-Endothelialcellfunction9:U-2OS-Unknownfunction18:U-2197-ECMorganization29:U-266-Adaptiveimmuneresponse16:U-266-Nucleosome27:U-698-M&Daudi-Adaptiveimmuneresponse32:U-937-Innateimmuneresponse17:WM-115-Nervoussystemdevelopment Pathway Acyl-CoAhydrolysisAcylglyceridesmetabolismAlanine;aspartateandglutamatemetabolismAminosugarandnucleotidesugarmetabolismAminoacyl-tRNAbiosynthesisAndrogenmetabolismArachidonicacidmetabolismArginineandprolinemetabolismAscorbateandaldaratemetabolismBetaoxidationofbranched-chainfattyacids(mitochondrial)Betaoxidationofdi-unsaturatedfattyacids(n-6)(mitochondrial)Betaoxidationofdi-unsaturatedfattyacids(n-6)(peroxisomal)Betaoxidationofeven-chainfattyacids(mitochondrial)Betaoxidationofeven-chainfattyacids(peroxisomal)Betaoxidationofodd-chainfattyacids(mitochondrial)Betaoxidationofphytanicacid(peroxisomal)Betaoxidationofpoly-unsaturatedfattyacids(mitochondrial)Betaoxidationofunsaturatedfattyacids(n-7)(mitochondrial)Betaoxidationofunsaturatedfattyacids(n-7)(peroxisomal)Betaoxidationofunsaturatedfattyacids(n-9)(mitochondrial)Betaoxidationofunsaturatedfattyacids(n-9)(peroxisomal)Beta-alaninemetabolismBileacidbiosynthesisBileacidrecyclingBiopterinmetabolismBiotinmetabolismBloodgroupbiosynthesisButanoatemetabolismC5-brancheddibasicacidmetabolismCarnitineshuttle(cytosolic)Carnitineshuttle(endoplasmicreticular)Carnitineshuttle(mitochondrial)Carnitineshuttle(peroxisomal)Cholesterolbiosynthesis1(Blochpathway)Cholesterolbiosynthesis2Cholesterolbiosynthesis3(Kandustch-Russellpathway)CholesterolmetabolismChondroitin/heparansulfatebiosynthesisChondroitinsulfatedegradationCoAsynthesisCysteineandmethioninemetabolismDrugmetabolismEicosanoidmetabolismEstrogenmetabolismEtherlipidmetabolismFattyacidactivation(cytosolic)Fattyacidactivation(endoplasmicreticular)FattyacidbiosynthesisFattyacidbiosynthesis(even-chain)Fattyacidbiosynthesis(odd-chain)Fattyacidbiosynthesis(unsaturated)Fattyaciddesaturation(even-chain)Fattyaciddesaturation(odd-chain)Fattyacidelongation(even-chain)Fattyacidelongation(odd-chain)FattyacidoxidationFolatemetabolismFormationandhydrolysisofcholesterolestersFructoseandmannosemetabolismGalactosemetabolismGlucocorticoidbiosynthesisGlutathionemetabolismGlycerolipidmetabolismGlycerophospholipidmetabolismGlycine;serineandthreoninemetabolismGlycolysis/GluconeogenesisGlycosphingolipidbiosynthesis-ganglioseriesGlycosphingolipidbiosynthesis-globoseriesGlycosphingolipidbiosynthesis-lactoandneolactoseriesGlycosphingolipidmetabolismGlycosylphosphatidylinositol(GPI)-anchorbiosynthesisHemedegradationHemesynthesisHeparansulfatedegradationHistidinemetabolismInositolphosphatemetabolismIsolatedKeratansulfatebiosynthesisKeratansulfatedegradationLeukotrienemetabolismLinoleatemetabolismLipoicacidmetabolismLysinemetabolismMetabolismofotheraminoacidsMiscellaneousN-glycanmetabolismNicotinateandnicotinamidemetabolismNucleotidemetabolismO-glycanmetabolismOmega-3fattyacidmetabolismOmega-6fattyacidmetabolismOxidativephosphorylationPantothenateandCoAbiosynthesisPentoseandglucuronateinterconversionsPentosephosphatepathwayPhenylalaninemetabolismPhenylalanine;tyrosineandtryptophanbiosynthesisPhosphatidylinositolphosphatemetabolismPoolreactionsPorphyrinmetabolismPropanoatemetabolismProstaglandinbiosynthesisProteinassemblyProteindegradationProteinmodificationPurinemetabolismPyrimidinemetabolismPyruvatemetabolismRetinolmetabolismRiboflavinmetabolismROSdetoxificationSerotoninandmelatoninbiosynthesisSphingolipidmetabolismStarchandsucrosemetabolismSteroidmetabolismSulfurmetabolismTerpenoidbackbonebiosynthesisThiaminemetabolismTransportreactionsTricarboxylicacidcycleandglyoxylate/dicarboxylatemetabolismTryptophanmetabolismTyrosinemetabolismUbiquinonesynthesisUreacycleValine;leucine;andisoleucinemetabolismVitaminAmetabolismVitaminB12metabolismVitaminB2metabolismVitaminB6metabolismVitaminCmetabolismVitaminDmetabolismVitaminEmetabolismXenobioticsmetabolism Category EvidenceatproteinlevelEvidenceattranscriptlevelNohumanprotein/transcriptevidence Score EvidenceatproteinlevelEvidenceattranscriptlevelNohumanprotein/transcriptevidence Score EvidenceatproteinlevelEvidenceattranscriptlevelNohumanprotein/transcriptevidence Score EvidenceatproteinlevelEvidenceattranscriptlevelNohumanprotein/transcriptevidence Validation SupportedApprovedUncertain Validation Enhanced-CaptureEnhanced-GeneticEnhanced-IndependentEnhanced-OrthogonalEnhanced-RecombinantSupportedApprovedUncertain Validation Enhanced-IndependentEnhanced-OrthogonalSupportedApprovedUncertain Validation Enhanced-GeneticEnhanced-IndependentEnhanced-RecombinantSupportedApprovedUncertain Antibodies YesNo Inatlas TissueCellPathologyBrainBlood-conc.immunoassayBlood-conc.massspectrometryBlood-detectedpea Column GenePositionTissuespecificscorePrognosticReliability(IF)Reliability(IH) Add Cancel TISSUE BRAIN SINGLECELLTYPE TISSUECELLTYPE PATHOLOGY Theopenaccessresourceforhumanproteins Searchforspecificgenes/proteinsorexplorethe10differentsections IMMUNECELL BLOODPROTEIN SUBCELLULAR CELLLINE METABOLIC Launchwebinar HumanProteinAtlasversion21 play readthelatestarticle-publishedMon,7Mar2022 News CongratulationsEmma! EmmaLundberg,ProfessorinCellBiologyProteomicsatKTH,AssociateProfessorofBioengineeringandPathologyatStanfordUniversity,andHeadoftheSubcellularSectionoftheHumanProteinAtlas,hasbeenawardedtheGöranGustafssonprizeinmolecularbiology....Readmore HPA21 Readaboutthenewfeatures imageoftheday ResearchArticles Readourkeypublications Educationalvideos Journeyintothebody SARS-CoV-2relatedproteins Digitalcollection HistoryoftheHumanProteinAtlas readmore Recentnews Mon,7Mar2022 CongratulationsEmma! Fri,4Mar2022 Podcast:MappingtheHumanProteome Wed,23Feb2022 Plasmaproteinselevatedinsevereasthma allnewsarticles PRESSROOM [email protected] INTRODUCTION PUBLICATIONS LICENCE&CITATION DOWNLOADABLEDATA Version:21.0 Atlasupdated:2021-11-18 releasehistory Proteomeanalysisbasedon27173antibodiestargeting17268uniqueproteins TheHumanProteinAtlasprojectisfunded bytheKnut&AliceWallenbergfoundation.