CGTN (TV channel) - Wikipedia

This article is about the English-language television channel formerly known as CCTV-9 and then CCTV News. For the present-day Mandarin-language documentary ... CGTN(TVchannel) FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch InternationalChinesestate-runEnglish-languagenewschannel ThisarticleisabouttheEnglish-languagetelevisionchannelformerlyknownasCCTV-9andthenCCTVNews.Forthepresent-dayMandarin-languagedocumentarytelevisionchannel,seeCCTV-9.ForthepresentdayEnglish-languagedocumentarychannelformerlyknownasCCTV-9,seeCGTNDocumentary.FortheChinese-languagetelevisionnewschannel,seeCCTV-13.FortheArabic-languagechannel,seeCGTNArabic.FortheFrench-languagechannel,seeCGTNFrench.FortheRussian-languagechannel,seeCGTNRussian.FortheSpanish-languagechannel,seeCGTNSpanish. Televisionchannel CGTNTypeStatemediaCountryChinaBroadcastareaWorldwideNetworkChinaGlobalTelevisionNetworkHeadquartersCCTVHeadquarters,BeijingCentralBusinessDistrict,Beijing,ChinaProgrammingLanguage(s)EnglishChinese(viaSAP)Pictureformat1080iHDTV(downscaledto576i/480ifortheSDTVfeed)OwnershipOwnerChinaMediaGroup(GovernmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChina)HistoryLaunched20 September1997;25yearsago (1997-09-20)Closed2020;1yearago(UK)FormernamesCCTV-9(1997–2010)CCTVNews(2010–2016)LinksWebsiteCGTN.comAvailabilityTerrestrialDigitalTV(DTMB)(China)Digitalchannelnumbervariesbyarea.Digitalterrestrialtelevision(UnitedStates)Channel31.9(LosAngeles)Channel36.3(SanFrancisco)Channel61.2(Chicago)Channel32.2(SantaBarbara)Oqaab(Afghanistan)Channel31UHFColombo-FTA(SriLanka)Channel29(SD)StreamingmediaCGTNLiveWatchlive CGTN(formerlyknownasCCTV-9andCCTVNews)isastate-runEnglish-languagenewschannelbasedinBeijing,China.ItisoneofsixchannelsprovidedbyChinaGlobalTelevisionNetwork,ownedbytheChinesestatebroadcasterChinaCentralTelevision(CCTV),underthecontrolofthePublicityDepartmentoftheChineseCommunistParty.[1][2] CCTV-9waslaunchedon25September2000,rebrandedasCCTVNewson26April2010.On6February2012,CGTNAmericawaslaunched,withascheduleofdailyprogrammingoriginatingfromaproductioncenterinWashington,D.C.[3]On11January2012,CCTVAfricawaslaunchedinNairobi,Kenya.[4]AllchannelsanddivisionsintheCCTVInternationalgroupwererebrandedasCGTNon31December2016. CGTNcurrentlyhasfourstudios:Beijing(maincentre),Nairobi,WashingtonandLondonaswellas70bureausaroundtheworld. Contents 1History 1.1Relaunch 1.2CGTN 1.2.1RevocationofbroadcasterlicenseintheUK 1.2.2CGTNAfrica 1.2.3CGTNAmerica 1.2.4CGTNEurope 2Foreignnewsanchors 2.1DetentionofChengLei 3Awards 4Criticism 4.1Biasandcensorship 4.2Accessorytotortureandforcedconfessions 4.3Accusationofantisemitism 5Seealso 6References 7Externallinks History[edit] CCTVbeganconsideringEnglish-languageinternationalnewsprogrammingon1January1979,atthestartofChina's"Reformandopeningup"period.EnglishnewsbulletinsbeganonCCTV-2in1986andbecameavailabletooverseasviewerswhentheymovedtoCCTV-4inFebruary1991.CCTV-9beganbroadcastingacrossChinaon25September2000,becomingthecountry'sfirstall-Englishtelevisionstation.[citationneeded] On1January2003,CCTV-9enteredtheUnitedStatescablemarket,aspartofadealthatallowedAOL,TimeWarner,andNewsCorporationaccesstocablesystemsinGuangdong.[citationneeded]Initsearlyyears,CCTV-9broadcastEnglishlanguagenewsbulletinsandculturalinterestshowsformostofeachday,andairedmostlyrerunsduringtheovernighthoursinChina.Oneofitsbiggestprojectswascoveringthe2008BeijingOlympics. Until26April2010,CCTV-9wasamixedgeneralinterestchannelfeaturingnews,travelprogramming,andlanguagetraining.OnthatdateitwasrebrandedasCCTVNews,a24-hourEnglish-languagenewsservice.[5] Relaunch[edit] ThechannelnameofCCTV-9waschangedtoCCTVNewson26April2010.[6]Someshowswererebrandedwhileothernewprogramswereadded.TheEnglishwebsiteismanagedbyChinaNetworkTelevision(CNTV),awebstreamingserviceofCCTV.On1January2011,thechannel'sformernameCCTV-9wastakenoverbyCCTV'stwodocumentarychannels. Withnewfaces,newstudios,andnewequipment,thechannel'suppermanagerssaidtheyhopedtostrengthenthenetwork'snewsgatheringabilities,whileaimingtopresentmoreperspectivesfromthroughoutChina,andacrossAsia,totherestoftheworld.[7] CGTN[edit] On31December2016,thechannelwasrebrandedagainasCGTN,andnewprogramsdebuted,withthefirstbeingGlobalWatch,anchoredbyRachaelRuble.[citationneeded] In2018,KongLinlin,aCGTNreporter,verballyaccostedapanelattheConservativePartyConferenceandaccusedthem,amongotherthings,ofbeing"fakeChinese".Afterbeingaskedtoleave,sheassaultedanattendeeandwassubsequentlyejectedbypolice.[8] RevocationofbroadcasterlicenseintheUK[edit] On4February2021,OfcomwithdrewCGTN'sUKbroadcasterlicence.OfcomconcludedacompanycalledStarChinaMediaLimitedheldthebroadcastlicenseforCGTNbut"didnothaveeditorialresponsibility",andthusitdidnotmeetlegalrequirements.TheprogrammingisclaimedtobecontrolledbyacompanycalledChinaGlobalTelevisionNetworkCorporation.Theregulatorsaiditwasunabletotransferthelicencetothatcompanybecauseitis"ultimatelycontrolledbytheChineseCommunistParty,whichisnotpermittedunderUKbroadcastinglaw".[9]CGTNlaterclaimedOfcomhadbeen"manipulatedbyextremeright-wingorganizationsandanti-Chinaforces".[10]InmostofEurope,distributionoftheCGTNchannelwaspermittedbecauseitheldaUKlicence,andunlessCGTNobtainedalicenceinanotherEuropeancountryithadtogooffairacrossmostofEurope.[11]ThechanneleventuallyobtainedanewlicencethroughtheFrenchbroadcastregulatorCSAinMarch2021.[12]InresponsetotheOfcomrevocation,ChinabannedBBCWorldNewsfromairinginmainlandChina,whichwassoonfolloweduponbyRTHKwithdrawingdistributionofBBC'scontentinHongKong.[13] CGTNAfrica[edit] Mainarticle:CGTNAfrica CGTNAfricaisCGTN'sAfricannewsproductionscenterwhichwaslaunchedinKenyaon11January2012.CGTNAfricaproducesdailynews,businessandcultureshows,includingAfricaLive,TalkAfrica,GlobalBusinessAfricaandFacesofAfrica,whicharebroadcastthroughCGTN'sEnglishnewschannel.[14][15] CGTNAmerica[edit] Mainarticle:CGTNAmerica CGTNAmericaistheAmericasdivisionofCGTNthatbeganbroadcastingon6February2012.[16]ItisbasedinWashington,DCandrunsbureausinNorthandSouthAmerica.TheserviceemploysAmericanandChinesejournalistsandproducesAmericas-basedprogramsforCGTNandCCTV. TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofJusticeorderedCGTNAmericatoregisterasaforeignagentundertheForeignAgentRegistrationAct(FARA),whichCGTNAmericadidon1February2019.[17]RegistrationrequiresCGTNAmericatodiscloseinformationaboutitsannualbudgetandownershipstructure,andtoincludedisclaimersonbroadcasts,publishedmaterialsandsocialmediaidentifyingitselfasaregisteredforeignagent.On8March2019,afterCGTNAmericaregisteredunderFARA,itsdirectorgeneralMaJingandadozenotherstafferswererecalledtoBeijing.[18] CGTNEurope[edit] CGTNEuropeisCGTN'sEuropeandivision,mainlycoveringEuropeanbusinessandpolitics.ItsofficesareattheChiswickBusinessParkinwestLondon.CGTNfirstmovedintotheofficeinJanuary2018andplannedtobeginbroadcastsbytheendoftheyear,althoughissueswhichincluded"obtainingvisasfortopmanagersandsettinguptechnology"eventuallydelayeditslaunchtoOctober2019.[19][20] DespiteOfcom'srevocationofCGTN'sbroadcastlicence,apersonbriefedonthechannel'sstrategysaidit"wouldnotimpacttheproductioncentre,[CGTN]wouldjustneedtoreorientateitselftoproducemorecontentforEurope."[20] Foreignnewsanchors[edit] InadditiontoChineseanchors,CGTNemploysforeignersasnewspresenters,someofwhomhaveextensiveexperience,suchasEdwinMaher(aformernewsreaderandweathermanfromtheAustralianBroadcastingCorporation),whileothersmayberecentuniversitygraduatesjustembarkingupontheircareers. FormercomptrollerJiangHepingdefendedthepolicyofputtingforeignersonair,arguingthat"wefeelinternationalon-airpersonalitiesboostthecredibilityofCGTNandbefititsimageasaninternationalchannel.Inthisregard,CGTNwillnotrestricttheoriginofitsemployeesandchoosetobuilditsuniqueidentitythroughitsprogramming."[21] ThefirstforeignnewsanchoronwhatwasthenknownasCCTV-9wasChrisGelken,whojoinedthechannelfromHongKong'sTVBandpresentedthe30-minutebusinessshow,BizChina.GelkenleftCCTVNewsin2005,andreturnedtoTVBfrom2010to2013.[citationneeded] AnotherprominentpersonalityinCCTV-9'sfirstdecadewasMarkRowswell,otherwiseknownasDashan.HehostedTravelinChineseonCCTVNewsandhasbeenhonoredforhisworkinpromotingcancerawarenessinChina.[22] Inadditiontothoseindividuals,thechannellaterrecruitedPhillipYinofBloombergTelevision,andMikeWalterfromUSAToday,tohelmBizAsiaAmericaandTheHeat,respectively,whentheWashingtonbureauopenedin2012.In2016,RachelleAkuffotookoverfromPhillipYinastheanchorofBizAsiaAmerica,whichwasthenrebrandedasGlobalBusinessAmerica.[citationneeded] On18September2019,NickPollard,aveteranBritishTVexecutive,resignedfromhispostasconsultantandadvisortoCGTN,givinghisreasonforleavingasbeingCGTN'sfailuretocomplywithOfcom'srulesonimpartialityinconnectiontoitscoverageofthe2019–20HongKongprotests.[23]HehadjoinedCGTNinDecember2018.[24] DetentionofChengLei[edit] Mainarticle:ChengLei(journalist) Inmid-August2020,ChengLei,anAustralianjournalistwhosince2012workedforCGTNasananchorforabusinessshow,wasdetainedbyChineseauthoritiesandchargedinFebruary2021withsharingstatesecrets,withnofurtherinformationbeingprovided.[25]SoonafterChengwasdetained,twoAustralianjournalistsworkinginChinafledthecountryafterbeingquestionedbyauthoritiesonnationalsecuritygrounds,leavingAustralia'smediawithoutanyjournalistsworkinginChinaforthefirsttimeinnearly50years.[26]CGTNhasdeletedallreferencetoChengfromitswebsiteandsocialmedia,andhasnotmadeanyreportorcommentonCheng'sdetention.[citationneeded] Awards[edit] Thechannel'sWashington,DCbasedbroadcastcenter,CGTNAmerica,haswonaNews&DocumentaryEmmyforJenBricker:WhenCan'tisaFour-LetterWord,andhasalsowonmultipleNewYorkFestivalsmedalsandWhiteHouseNewsPhotographersAssociationawards.[27] Criticism[edit] Furtherinformation:ChinaGlobalTelevisionNetwork§ Reception Biasandcensorship[edit] Furtherinformation:CensorshipinChina Observershavenotedthatthe"aim[ofCGTN]istoinfluencepublicopinionoverseasinordertonudgeforeigngovernmentsintomakingpoliciesfavourabletowardsChina’sCommunistparty"throughsubtlemeans.[28]ResearchersThomasFearonandUshaM.RodriguesarguedthatCGTNhasa"dichotomousroleasacrediblemediacompetingforaudienceattentionontheworldstage,andavitalgovernmentpropagandaorgandomestically."[29] AccordingtoJamesPalmeratForeignPolicy,thecontrastingaimsofRT(formerlyRussiaToday)andCGTN,"mirrorswiderstrategies:Moscowwantschaositcanexploit,whileBeijingwantsastableworldorder—onitsterms".[30]WhileRTdoesn'tmindwhetheritgoestothefar-leftorthefar-right,Chinesestatemediaispermittedto"actfromaverynarrow,officiallyapprovedscope,andtheriskofthepoliticalextremesistoomuch,"accordingtojournalistHiltonYip.[31]OnthecontrarytoCGTN'sinvestmentsinstudiosandnumerousoverseasbureaus,"theactualcontentisamixofbrutallytediouspropagandaandblanddocumentaries.TheaudienceisalwaysthebossesinBeijing,nottheaveragevieweroverseas".[31]YipalsonotedthegrowingdisillusionmentofjournalistsinChinawho"areallowedtodolittlemorethanparrottheofficialline",citingaviralvideoofajournalistrollinghereyesatanotherreporter'ssoftballquestionduringaministerialpressconference,which"seemedtospeakformanyinthecountrywhoaretiredofthecharadethatlocalmediahasbecome".[31] Despiteadecadeofoverseasexpansion,theredoublingofeffortsbyCGTN,andtoanextensionotherstatemedia,topushtheparty'stheoriesandprinciplesabroadisatoddswithboostingChina'soverseasimage.[8]CGTN,alongwithotherChinesestatemediaoutlets,isstillwidelyregardedas"editoriallybiasedandfullofpropaganda,andtheystillstruggletoattractlargeaudiences",particularlyintheageofwidespreadinternetusewithsocialmediaandnontraditionalformsofmediawherethepublichasbecome"moreaversetoclumsystate-runpropagandathanever".[31] DespiteitsrevamplaunchingofCCTVAmerica,criticshavevoicedconcernsoverthelevelofcensorshipexercisedbythechannel,especiallyonsensitivedomesticissuesinChina.[31]PhilipCunninghamofCornellUniversity,whohasappearedmorethan100timesonChinaCentralTelevisiontalkshows,notedthatsensitiveissuessuchasTibetandXinjiangwereheavilyeditedonvariousprograms.[32]MaJing,DirectorofCCTVAmericadefendsthechannelagainstsuchallegationsbysayingthatthechanneleditsstoriesthesamewayothernewsorganizationsdo.Shesaid:"Weupholdthetraditionaljournalisticvalues.Weconsideraccuracy,objectivity,truthfulness,andpublicaccountabilityveryimportant,moreimportantthananythingelse."[32] InMarch2021,CGTNwasfined£225,000byOfcomforbiasinitscoverageofthe2019–2020HongKongprotests,whichwasfoundtohaverepeatedlybreachedfairnessandimpartialityrequirements.[33][34] Accessorytotortureandforcedconfessions[edit] On23November2018,aBritishcorporateinvestigatornamedPeterHumphreysubmittedaformalcomplaint[35]totheUnitedKingdom'sgovernmentcommunicationsregulatorTheOfficeofCommunications,orOfcom,maintaininghewasforcedunderduresstoconfessonairoverChinesestatebroadcasterChinaCentralTelevision's(CCTV)networkandthat,astheconfessionwassubsequentlybroadcast[36]overtheinternationalarmofCCTV,ChinaGlobalTelevisionNetwork(CGTN),CGTNitselfshouldbeheldculpablebyOfcomanddeniedtherighttooperateitsbroadcastserviceintheU.K.Humphrey'scomplaintcitedtwofilmsproducedbyCCTVandadditionallyairedintheUKbyCGTN,statingthatbothwerescriptedanddirectedbytheChinesepolice,thepublicsecuritybureau,whilehewasaprisoner,inconditionsofduressamountingtotorture.[37][38]Onesuchconfession,stagedinAugust2013,wasfilmedbyaCCTVcrewwithHumphreylockedinanironchairinsideasteelcage,wearinghandcuffsandanorangeprisonvest.Thiswasbeforehehadbeenindicted,triedorconvictedofacrime.Thesecond,inJuly2014,wasonceagainfilmedbyCCTV,notinacagethistime,butstillinaprisonvestandhandcuffs,beforehehadbeentriedorconvictedonthechargeofillegalinformationgathering.[39] Ofcomsaiditwouldinvestigatethecomplaintandwould"takenecessaryenforcementaction"ifrulesaredeterminedtohavebeenviolated.[35][40]InNovember2019,CGTNairedavideoofaUKconsularemployee,SimonCheng,incaptivity"confessing"toconsortingwithprostitutes.Withinaweek,ChenghadfiledanewcomplainttoOfcom.[41]On8March2021,CGTNwasfinedatotalof£225,000byOfcomforseriousbreachesoffairness,privacyandimpartialityrules.“Wefoundtheindividuals(SimonChengandGuiMinhai)concernedwereunfairlytreatedandhadtheirprivacyunwarrantablyinfringed,”Ofcomsaid,addingthatthebroadcasterhad“failedtoobtaintheirinformedconsenttobeinterviewed.”Itconcludedthat“materialfactswhichcastseriousdoubtonthereliabilityoftheirallegedconfessions”hadbeenleftoutoftheprogrammes,whichairedpre-trial“confessions”ofthetwomenwhiletheywerebeingdetained.Ofcomsaiditwasconsideringfurthersanctions.[42] On4February2021,CGTNhaditslicensetobroadcastintheUnitedKingdomrevokedbybroadcastingregulatorOfcomafteraninvestigationfoundthatitslicensewasheldbyStarChinaMedia,whichexercisednoeditorialoversightoverCGTN.[43][44]OfcomsubsequentlyimposedfinesonCGTN.[45]AnopenlettercallingforOfcomtoreverseitsrevocationdecisionwassignedbytheeditoroftheleft-wingMorningStar,BenChacko,alongwithjournalistsJohnPilger,JonathanCookandKerry-AnneMendoza,filmdirectorsOliverStoneandKenLoach,rapperandactivistLowkey,andwriterandactivistTariqAli.[46] InMarch2021,AustralianpublicbroadcasterSpecialBroadcastingServicesuspendednewsbulletinbroadcastsfromCGTNandCCTVduetocomplaintsofforcedconfessions.[47] Accusationofantisemitism[edit] InMay2021,Israel'sembassyinBeijingaccusedCGTNof"blatantantisemitism"whenitbroadcastanantisemiticcanardduringthe2021Israel–Palestinecrisis.[48][49][50] Seealso[edit] PropagandainChina Chineseinformationoperationsandinformationwarfare References[edit] 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Externallinks[edit] CGTNHomepage vteChinaCentralTelevisionOwnedbyChinaMediaGroupChannels CCTV-1(General) CCTV-2(Finance) CCTV-3(ArtsandEntertainment) CCTV-4(ChineseInternational) CCTV-5(Sports) CCTV-5+(Sport+) CCTV-6(Movies) CCTV-7(Military) CCTV-8(Drama) CCTV-9(Documentary) CCTV-10(ScienceandEducation) CCTV-11(ChineseOpera) CCTV-12(SocietyandLaw) CCTV-13(News) CCTV-14(Children) CCTV-15(Music) CCTV-16(Olympic) CCTV-17(Agriculture) CCTV-4K(UHD) CCTV-8K(UHD) CCTV-ShoppingChannel CGTN CGTN CGTNFrench CGTNSpanish CGTNArabic CGTNRussian CGTNDocumentary Misc. 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